{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:14:10Z","timestamp":1773281650609,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003524","name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003524","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Manuka Health New Zealand Ltd"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006346","name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006346","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Ophth"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> antimicrobial effects of cyclodextrin-complexed and uncomplexed Manuka honey on bacteria commonly associated with blepharitis, and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> rabbit eye tolerability of a cyclodextrin-complexed methylglyoxal (MGO) Manuka Honey microemulsion (MHME).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> phase: Bacterial growth inhibition was assessed by area under the growth curve (AUC) for <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for <jats:italic>S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> with cyclodextrin-complexed and uncomplexed Manuka honey were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> phase: Six rabbits were administered 20\u2009\u00b5L of MHME (at 1:10 dilution) to the right eye (treated) and 20\u2009\u00b5L of saline to the left eye (control) daily, for 5\u2009days. Tear evaporation, production, osmolarity, lipid layer, conjunctival hyperaemia and fluorescein staining were assessed daily, before and 15\u2009min after instillation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> phase: The relative AUC for cyclodextrin-complexed Manuka honey was lower than that of uncomplexed honey at both 250 and 550\u2009mg\/kg of MGO (both p\u2009&lt;0.05). Cyclodextrin-complexed honey had lower MIC and MBC than uncomplexed honey for both <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, but not <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> phase: No significant changes were observed in the parameters assessed in either treated or control eyes (all p\u2009&gt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, antimicrobial potency of cyclodextrin-complexed Manuka honey was greater than uncomplexed honey. No significant immediate or cumulative adverse effects were observed with MHME application on rabbit eyes, supporting future conduct of clinical safety and tolerability trials in human subjects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2016-000065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]],"date-time":"2017-08-07T20:10:29Z","timestamp":1502136629000},"page":"e000065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Preclinical development of MGO Manuka Honey microemulsion for blepharitis management"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jennifer P","family":"Craig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilva 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