{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:41:17Z","timestamp":1777617677294,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Manuka Health New Zealand Ltd"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Ophth"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the clinical safety and tolerability of a novel MGO Manuka Honey microemulsion (MHME) eye cream for the management of blepharitis in human subjects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-five healthy subjects were enrolled in a prospective, randomised, paired-eye, investigator-masked trial. The MHME eye cream (Manuka Health New Zealand) was applied to the closed eyelids of one eye (randomised) overnight for 2\u2009weeks. LogMAR visual acuity, eyelid irritation symptoms, ocular surface characteristics and tear film parameters were assessed at baseline, day 7 and day 14. Expression of markers of ocular surface inflammation (matrix metalloproteinase-9 and interleukin-6) and goblet cell function (MUC5AC) were quantified using impression cytology at baseline and day 14.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were no significant changes in visual acuity, eyelid irritation symptoms, ocular surface characteristics, tear film parameters and inflammatory marker expression during the 2-week treatment period in treated and control eyes (all p&gt;0.05), and measurements did not differ significantly between eyes (all p&gt;0.05). No major adverse events were reported. Two subjects experienced transient ocular stinging, presumably due to migration of the product into the eye, which resolved following aqueous irrigation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The MHME eye cream application was found to be well tolerated in healthy human subjects and was not associated with changes in visual acuity, ocular surface characteristics, tear film parameters, expression of markers of inflammation or goblet cell function. The findings support future clinical efficacy trials in patients with blepharitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ACTRN12616000540415<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2016-000066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T20:20:18Z","timestamp":1501878018000},"page":"e000066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Randomised masked trial of the clinical safety and tolerability of MGO Manuka Honey eye cream for the management of blepharitis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jennifer P","family":"Craig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael T M","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalaivarny","family":"Ganesalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilva D","family":"Rupenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Swift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chee Seang","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Te Weehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella M Y","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant A","family":"Watters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000164","article-title":"Medical management of blepharitis","volume":"26","author":"Duncan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2014.05.005","article-title":"Treatment of blepharitis: recent clinical trials","volume":"12","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.3","first-page":"Cd005556","article-title":"Interventions for chronic blepharitis","volume":"5","author":"Lindsley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70620-1"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997b"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2008.608"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70043-5"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.8","first-page":"486","article-title":"Bacterial lipases and chronic blepharitis","volume":"27","author":"Dougherty","year":"1986","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.9","first-page":"2970","article-title":"The role of tetracycline in chronic blepharitis. inhibition of lipase production in staphylococci","volume":"32","author":"Dougherty","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku448"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2009.03.020"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1515\/DMDI.2008.23.1-2.175","article-title":"A brief critical overview of the biological effects of methylglyoxal and further evaluation of a methylglyoxal-based anticancer formulation in treating Cancer patients","volume":"23","author":"Talukdar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Metabol Drug Interact"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2013.08.006","article-title":"Wound care in the wilderness: is there evidence for honey?","volume":"25","author":"Stewart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craig JP , Rupenthal ID , Seyfoddin A , et al . Pre-clinical development of MGO\u2122 Manuka Honey microemulsion for blepharitis management.\u00a0BMJ Ophthalmol.\u00a0 doi:10.1136\/bmjophth-2016-000066","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2016-000066"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e321","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000601","article-title":"Comparison of Self-applied Heat therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5359-5_121","article-title":"Use of the Tearscope Plus and attachments in the routine examination of the marginal dry eye contact lens patient","volume":"438","author":"Guillon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12096","article-title":"Validating a new device for measuring tear evaporation rates","volume":"34","author":"Rohit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200310000-00008"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000140910.03095.FA"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034","article-title":"Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes","volume":"3","author":"Vandesompele","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watters GA , Turnbull PR , Swift S , et al . Ocular surface microbiome in meibomian gland dysfunction in Auckland, New Zealand. Clin exp ophthalmol 2016.","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12810"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2476"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62232-8"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000042","article-title":"The core mechanism of dry eye disease is inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000162759.79740.46"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181a16578"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9417"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.29","first-page":"797","article-title":"Cytokines in tear fluid of patients with ocular graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"18","author":"Riemens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.30","first-page":"703","article-title":"Quantification of MUC2 and MUC5AC transcripts in human conjunctiva","volume":"41","author":"McKenzie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.31","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Decreased levels of the goblet cell mucin MUC5AC in tears of patients with sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Arg\u00fceso","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680500196715"},{"key":"2025090109285954000_1.1.e000066.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01781.x"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjophth-2016-000066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T16:29:11Z","timestamp":1756744151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjophth.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjophth-2016-000066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjophth-2016-000066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjophth-2016-000066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2397-3269"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2397-3269","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}