{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T17:40:05Z","timestamp":1756748405669,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Ophth"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated the efficacy of additional topical betamethasone in persistent cystoid macular oedema (CMO) after carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 16 eyes of 10 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). All patients were previously administered CAI for at least 3\u2009months to treat CMO secondary to RP and lacking an effective reduction (\u226511%) of central foveal thickness (CFT). We administered topical 0.1% betamethasone daily in each affected eye following a preceding course of the CAI medication as a first treatment. CMO was diagnosed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. CFT was regarded as the average of vertical and horizontal foveal thickness. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were obtained from patient medical records. We compared the CFT and BCVA between baseline and the average of 1\u20133, 5\u20137, 10\u201314 and 16\u201320 months period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In treatments with brinzolamide in 14 eyes, dorzolamide in 2 eyes and bromfenac in 2 eyes, CFT effectively decreased in 12 of 16 eyes (81%). CFT decreased significantly in 1\u20133 months (326\u00b1102\u2009\u00b5m; n=16; P=0.029) and 5\u20137 months (297\u00b1102\u2009\u00b5m; n=12; P=0.022) compared with baseline but not within 10\u201314 months (271\u00b196\u2009\u00b5m; n=9; P=0.485) or 16\u201320 months (281\u00b1134\u2009\u00b5m; n=9; P=0.289). There were no significant intergroup differences in BCVA throughout the study. Betamethasone treatment was stopped in three patients because of IOP elevation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data suggested that additional betamethasone might improve treatments for persistent CMO. Topical steroids could be an alternative option for managing persistent CMO in RP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2017-000107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T20:10:16Z","timestamp":1517256616000},"page":"e000107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Efficacy of additional topical betamethasone in persistent cystoid macular oedema after carbonic anhydrase inhibitor treatments in retinitis pigmentosa"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Shohei","family":"Kitahata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Hirami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation Hospital, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation Hospital, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cody","family":"Kime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, 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