{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:03:22Z","timestamp":1756771402661,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Ophth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To compare clinical characteristics of patients suffering from neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with mature and immature choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) as assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). To explore the effect of total anti-vascular endothelial growth factor exposure on the occurrence of mature CNV when correcting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this retrospective case series, we included 40 eyes of 36 patients with nAMD with CNV assessed by OCTA at the Manchester Eye Hospital between June 2016 and June 2017. A retinal specialist masked to patient information graded CNV depicted on OCTA scans. For statistical comparisons, we used t-tests, Fisher\u2019s exact tests and a mixed-effects logistic regression model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>18 patients (20 eyes) were treatment na\u00efve, and the mean number of intravitreal injections (IVI) in the remaining eyes was 18.4 (range 2\u201371). The mean duration of nAMD was 19.3 months (range 0\u201387.4). 25 eyes (62.5%) exhibited mature CNV. Eyes with mature CNV did not differ from those with immature CNV regarding age (+2.8 years; p=0.288) or duration of disease (+9.4 months; p=0.061). However, they had a higher number of IVIs (+3.1; p=0.035). Among eyes with best corrected visual acuity over 25 letters, there was a strong association between the number of IVIs (0 vs 1\u201320: OR 68.01 [95% CI 1.30 to 3546.99; p=0.036], 0 vs &gt;20 IVI: OR 380.01 [95% CI 2.60 to 55\u2009464.89; p=0.019]) and maturity status when correcting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maturity status of CNV as assessed by OCTA may indicate treatment exposure of CNV in nAMD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2018-000244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T13:00:14Z","timestamp":1554814814000},"page":"e000244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of total anti-VEGF treatment exposure on patterns of choroidal neovascularisation assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography in age-related macular degeneration: a retrospective case series"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9868-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia","family":"Faes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Retina, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaria","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Retina, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praveen J","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dun Jack","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas M","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Consultancy, medignition, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin K","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retina, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New England Eye Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pearse A","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Balaskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical retina Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.01.006"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.004710"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.001217"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.14.007821"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000766"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13364","article-title":"Identification and clinical role of choroidal neovascularization characteristics based on optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"95","author":"Sulzbacher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001628","article-title":"Biomarkers of neovascular activity in age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"38","author":"Al-Sheikh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.9","unstructured":"Miere A , Butori P , Cohen SY , et al . Vascular remodeling of choroidal neovascularization after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy visualized on optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina 2017."},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000879","article-title":"Longitudinal optical coherence tomography-angiography study of type 2 naive choroidal neovascularization early response after treatment","volume":"35","author":"Lumbroso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000846"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.04.012"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.13","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Pharmacological management of AMD, antiangiogenic therapies (NICE guideline 82). Available: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng82\/chapter\/Recommendations2018 [Accessed 15 Aug 2018]."},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.80","article-title":"OCT angiography and sequential quantitative analysis of type 2 neovascularization after ranibizumab therapy","volume":"29","author":"Kuehlewein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.233","article-title":"The Royal College of ophthalmologists guidelines on AMD: Executive summary","volume":"27","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8595278","article-title":"Aflibercept treatment leads to vascular Abnormalization of the choroidal neovascularization","volume":"2018","author":"Wyl\u0119ga\u0142a","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.12.005","article-title":"Long-term progression of type 1 neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"187","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025090110183527000_4.1.e000244.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.12.009"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjophth-2018-000244","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T17:18:45Z","timestamp":1756747125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjophth.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjophth-2018-000244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjophth-2018-000244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjophth-2018-000244","relation":{},"ISSN":["2397-3269"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2397-3269"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}}}