{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T02:28:20Z","timestamp":1778898500985,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000320","name":"Alzheimer's Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biogen Idec.Ltd"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017510","name":"UK Dementia Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Precision Medicine Scotland Innovation Centre"},{"name":"Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic"},{"name":"Alzheimer's Research UK"},{"name":"NHS Lothian"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000848","name":"University Of Edinburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Ophth"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory degenerative condition of central nervous system. The disease course and presentation of MS is highly heterogeneous. Advanced retinal imaging techniques such as optic coherence tomography (OCT) can capture abnormalities of anterior visual pathway with high resolution, which may contribute greater insights into the pathophysiology of MS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People with newly diagnosed relapsing-remitting MS were recruited for FutureMS retinal imaging study from two study centres in Scotland. The baseline visit was completed within 6\u2009months of diagnosis with initial follow-up 12 months after the baseline visit. The assessments included in FutureMS retinal imaging study were visual acuity test, self-reported eye questionnaire and OCT scan.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 196 FutureMS participants completed the retinal imaging study of FutureMS with 185 participants at M0 and 155 at M12. A total of 144 participants completed both M0 and M12 visits. At the whole cohort level, the distribution of retinal measures is generally consistent between baseline and follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The FutureMS retinal imaging study aims to demonstrate that patient with MS present with different extent of retinal abnormalities that can be captured by retinal imaging modalities such as OCT soon after diagnosis. These changes may sensitively mirror the brain atrophy or serve as predictors for disease activity. By developing sensitive, quantifiable and objective retinal biomarkers, FutureMS retinal imaging study will provide an opportunity to stratify patient with MS at an early stage and support future therapeutic strategies for a better outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2022-001024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T11:30:37Z","timestamp":1658489437000},"page":"e001024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Longitudinal retinal imaging study of newly diagnosed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Scottish population: baseline and 12 months follow-up profile of FutureMS retinal imaging cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4953-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingdi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghUK"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Larraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghUK"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghUK"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kearns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghUK"},{"name":"MRC Human Genetics Unit, Chromatin Lab, Genome Regulation Section, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fraser","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghUK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah-Jane","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences,Queen Elizabeth University Hospital-, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Connick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghUK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 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Lothian, EdinburghUK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siddharthan","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghUK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, NHS Lothian, EdinburghUK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institue, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090109093206000_7.1.e001024.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058506"},{"key":"2025090109093206000_7.1.e001024.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.17731.1","article-title":"Rationale and design of the brain magnetic resonance imaging protocol for FutureMS: a longitudinal multi-centre study of newly diagnosed patients with 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