{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T09:02:38Z","timestamp":1772096558742,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["grant number 22H00497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number 22H00497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research Funding for Longevity Sciences from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan","award":["grant number 21-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number 21-18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Ophth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a study to investigate the relationship between optic nerve vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), body and ocular parameters, and brain lesions in middle-aged and above Japanese subjects, because although various risk factors for glaucoma have been previously characterised, it is theorised that there are unidentified neurological components.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this population-based, age\/gender-stratified, cross-sectional study that involved 2239 Japanese subjects (1127 men and 1112 women) aged 40 years and older (mean age: 59.3\u00b111.7 years) living in the central geographical region of Japan who participated in the National Institute of Longevity Sciences\u2013Longitudinal Study of Aging between 2002 and 2004, 4327 eyes and 2239 obtained MRIs of the head were evaluated. Multivariate mixed model and trend analyses were also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant relationship between VCDR and brain lesions, other than basal ganglia lesions, was found. VCDR significantly increased with the high grade of basal ganglia infarct lesions (p=0.0193) and high intraocular pressure (p&lt;0.0001) after adjustment for influential factors using a multivariate mixed model. A significant positive linear trend was observed between the predicted VCDR and the degrees of the basal ganglia lesions (p value trend=0.0096).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that in subjects with higher grades of basal ganglia lesions, strict attention should be paid to elevated VCDR; however, further studies are needed to support\/confirm our results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2022-001077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T14:55:22Z","timestamp":1678719322000},"page":"e001077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Basal ganglia lesions may be a risk factor for characteristic features of a glaucomatous optic disc: population-based cohort study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hideki","family":"Fukuoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2551-9605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukiko","family":"Nishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Tange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rei","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fujiko","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Shimokata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16257-0"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307223"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00005-2"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00101-5"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-200004000-00002"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31774-9"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.7"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31090-6"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30511-3"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2013.03.002"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101509010058","article-title":"Hrt for the diagnosis and detection of glaucoma progression","volume":"9","author":"Maslin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol J"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(89)90488-1"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.59.12.717"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.14","first-page":"2224","article-title":"Intraocular pressure in an american community. the beaver dam eye study","volume":"33","author":"Klein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90776-2"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1002104"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3429473"},{"key":"2023123021451473000_8.1.e001077.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukuoka H , Tange C , Otsuka R , et al . 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