{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T15:43:59Z","timestamp":1763480639236,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672617600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Qual"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory action, but the gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects are a known cause of preventable harm. A medication safety audit was incentivised for community pharmacies in England in 2 successive years as part of the Pharmacy Quality Scheme (PQS) to address GI safety of NSAIDs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate community pharmacy\u2019s contributions to NSAID safety and determine any change between audit 1 (2018\u20132019) and audit 2 (2019\u20132020).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients aged 65 years or over prescribed an NSAID were included in both audits. The audit tool assessed compliance with national standards relating to co-prescribed gastroprotection, referrals to the prescriber and patient advice on long-term NSAID use and effects, with responses submitted via an online portal. Descriptive analyses were performed to explore differences between the years and tested for significance using \u03a7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests. Qualitative data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from 91\u2009252 patients in audit 1 and 73\u2009992 in audit 2 were analysed. More patients were prescribed gastroprotection in audit 2 (85.0%) than audit 1 (80.7%, p&lt;0.001). More patients without gastroprotection in audit 2 had a current or recent referral (67.5%) than in audit 1 (58.8%, p&lt;0.001). Verbal or other communications between pharmacists and patients about their NSAID medication were reported more frequently in audit 2 (76.0% vs 63.5%,\u2009p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During two audits, community pharmacists in England reported referring more than 15\u2009000 patients at risk of preventable harm from NSAIDs to prescribers for review. The audits demonstrated significant potential for year-on-year improvement in GI safety for a large cohort of older patients prescribed NSAIDs. This evaluation provides evidence of how the PQS can effectively address a specific aspect of medicines safety and the place of community pharmacy more broadly in improving medicines safety.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2022-002002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T10:50:19Z","timestamp":1672656619000},"page":"e002002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of the England Community Pharmacy Quality Scheme (2018\u20132019 and 2019\u20132020) in reducing harm from NSAIDs in older patients"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3135-7710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sejal","family":"Parekh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary, Community and Personalised Care Directorate, NHS England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Livingstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary, Community and Personalised Care Directorate, NHS England, London, UK"},{"name":"Medicines Use and Safety, NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service, Worthing, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5927-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yogini H","family":"Jani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Practice & Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083113110547000_12.1.e002002.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2019-010206"},{"key":"2025083113110547000_12.1.e002002.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1508955"},{"key":"2025083113110547000_12.1.e002002.3","unstructured":"Organization WH . Medication safety in high-risk situations World Health Organization; 2019."},{"key":"2025083113110547000_12.1.e002002.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpp.12646","article-title":"Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in recreational runners participating in Parkrun UK: prevalence of use and awareness of risk","volume":"28","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"2025083113110547000_12.1.e002002.5","unstructured":"TNw-N . NSAIDs NSAIDs - NHS, 2021. 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