{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:54:42Z","timestamp":1788573282016,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) outbreak in The Gambia is a national tragedy attracting international concern, linked to nearly 100 deaths in children. This situation arose due to the use of contaminated medical products by children in the country.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n We used a mixed-method, cross-sectional study design to assess households\u2019 knowledge and perceptions of AKI in the southern region of The Gambia. A total of 2174 respondents from 123 rural communities were recruited via multistage sampling and were interviewed face-to-face using a questionnaire. Qualitatively, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted. The collected data were analysed as categorical and continuous variables, and thematic areas using SPSS V.26 and NVivo software.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The mean age was 36 years (SD\u00b114.17) and 70% of the respondents were women. Most respondents had no formal education (45.6%), lived in extended family households (55%) and 91.6% earned a monthly income of less than GMD5000 (Gambian dalasi) (<US$100). Although 80% of the respondents were aware of the AKI outbreak in The Gambia, 90% showed poor knowledge about the disease. Half of the respondents correctly identified contaminated medical products as the cause of AKI. Interestingly, 97.1% of the participants held a moderate perception of AKI in The Gambia and firmly rejected the notion that the outbreak was politically motivated. The AKI outbreak was viewed as a stern lesson and a wake-up call for the Ministry of Health to take the necessary actions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n A significant deficiency in AKI knowledge exists among rural households, even though their perceptions of health services remain positive and unwavering. AKI is viewed as a widespread health concern rather than a political issue. To maintain this view and enhance trust, a national dialogue involving the Ministry of Health and the population is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2023-000428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T21:25:23Z","timestamp":1706822723000},"page":"e000428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring rural households\u2019 knowledge and perception of acute kidney injury in the southern region of The Gambia: a mixed-method community-based cross-sectional study design"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2052-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bakary","family":"Kinteh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama campus, Brikama, West Coast Region, Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon P S","family":"Jatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama campus, Brikama, West Coast Region, Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sambou L S","family":"Kinteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama campus, Brikama, West Coast Region, Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Badjie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama campus, Brikama, West Coast Region, Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrima","family":"Touray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama campus, Brikama, West Coast Region, Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheikh Omar","family":"Sillah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama campus, Brikama, West Coast Region, Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadou","family":"Barrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama campus, Brikama, West Coast Region, Gambia"},{"name":"Department of Public and Environmental Health, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Kanifing, Gambia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110350252000_2.1.e000428.1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Acute kidney injury: current concepts and new insights","volume":"8","author":"Koza","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Inj Violence Res"},{"key":"2025083110350252000_2.1.e000428.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2265-9","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for acute kidney injury among trauma patients: a multicenter cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Harrois","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2025083110350252000_2.1.e000428.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5621665","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with acute kidney injury in Sub-Saharan African adults: a review of the current literature","volume":"2022","author":"Kahindo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"key":"2025083110350252000_2.1.e000428.4","unstructured":"WHO . Medical product alert N\u00b06\/2022: substandard (contaminated) Paediatric medicines. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/05-10-2022-medical-product-alert-n-6-2022-substandard-(contaminated)-paediatric-medicines [Accessed 3 Nov 2022]."},{"key":"2025083110350252000_2.1.e000428.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.IJN_55_19","article-title":"Burden, access, and disparities in kidney disease","volume":"29","author":"Crews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"2025083110350252000_2.1.e000428.6","unstructured":"WHO . Medical product alert N\u00b07\/2022: substandard (contaminated) paediatric liquid dosage medicines. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/02-11-2022-medical-product-alert-n-7-2022-substandard-(contaminated)-paediatric-liquid-dosage-medicines [Accessed 3 Nov 2022]."},{"key":"2025083110350252000_2.1.e000428.7","unstructured":"Loum P . EXPLAINER: what is acute kidney injury? | FactCheck Gambia. 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The Gambia: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, 2012."}],"container-title":["BMJ Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjph-2023-000428","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T17:35:15Z","timestamp":1756661715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjpublichealth.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjph-2023-000428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjph-2023-000428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjph-2023-000428","relation":{},"ISSN":["2753-4294"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2753-4294","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}}}