{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:18:16Z","timestamp":1788581896826,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Social environments can influence parents\u2019 caregiving capacities and the quality of nurturing care provided to children. These links, in turn, can shape children\u2019s developmental outcomes over the life course. We aimed to examine the relationship between maternal perceived safety at home and in the neighbourhood and maternal parenting practices in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We combined cross-sectional data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in 15 LMICs (2018\u20132019). Mothers of children aged 36\u201359 months were included in the sample. We assessed maternal perceived safety at home and in the neighbourhood and two parenting outcomes of maternal stimulation and discipline. We used multiple logistic regression models to estimate the associations while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and maternal well-being in the pooled sample. Also, analyses were performed for each country separately.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After adjusting for covariates, maternal perceived safety at home was associated with increased odds of high maternal stimulation (OR: 1.15, 95%\u2009CI: 1.01; 1.32) and lower odds of aggressive psychological discipline (OR: 0.87, 95%\u2009CI: 0.77; 0.98). Maternal perception of safety in the neighbourhood was associated with lower odds of aggressive psychological discipline (OR: 0.79, 95%\u2009CI: 0.71; 0.88), aggressive physical discipline (OR: 0.87, 95%\u2009CI: 0.77; 0.98) and non-violent discipline (OR: 0.78, 95%\u2009CI: 0.63; 0.95).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal perceived safety at home and in the neighbourhood was positively associated with improved parenting behaviours with young children in LMICs. Interventions that address safety and security at home and across communities may have the potential to enhance maternal well-being and parenting practices to promote integral child development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2023-000461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T11:50:39Z","timestamp":1728474639000},"page":"e000461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Maternal perceived safety and parenting practices with young children: a cross-sectional analysis from 15 low-income and middle-income countries"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9987-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clariana Vit\u00f3ria","family":"Ramos de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina V N","family":"Coll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Nery Teixeira","family":"Palombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4130-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110273356000_2.2.e000461.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12276","article-title":"Neighborhood Characteristics, Maternal Parenting, and Health and Development of Children from Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Families","volume":"62","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"2025083110273356000_2.2.e000461.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014047","article-title":"Kids in Communities Study (KiCS) study protocol: a cross-sectional mixed-methods approach to measuring community-level factors influencing early child development in Australia","volume":"7","author":"Goldfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025083110273356000_2.2.e000461.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.0721"},{"key":"2025083110273356000_2.2.e000461.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2017.04.012"},{"key":"2025083110273356000_2.2.e000461.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00156","article-title":"Early Life Exposure to Violence: developmental Consequences on Brain and Behavior","volume":"13","author":"Mueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2025083110273356000_2.2.e000461.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256431","article-title":"Findings from the Kids in Communities Study (KiCS): a mixed methods study examining community-level influences on early childhood development","volume":"16","author":"Goldfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025083110273356000_2.2.e000461.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira C de , Palombo CNT , Toriyama \u00c1TM , et al . 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