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However, earlier literature is largely from high-income countries and provides limited evidence on the prolonging impacts of childhood disadvantage on healthy ageing across diverse settings and populations. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between childhood SEP and healthy ageing across multiple countries and the mediation effects of adult SEP, individual education and wealth, on these associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the harmonised dataset of five cohort studies in the Ageing Trajectories of Health-Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project, this study was based on 57\u2009956 people aged \u226550 years (women: 53.3%) living in China, Finland, UK, Poland, South Africa and Mexico. The associations between childhood SEP (parental education and occupation) and healthy ageing scores were examined using linear regression modelling. Causal mediation analysis was carried out to estimate the percentage of indirect effects via adult SEP (individual education and wealth).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher levels of childhood SEP were associated with higher healthy ageing scores by up to five points and similar patterns were observed across populations from different countries. The associations were mediated by adult SEP and the range of mediation effects was between 21% and 78%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found childhood SEP was associated with poor health in later life across high-income, middle-income and low-income countries. Addressing socioeconomic disadvantage, such as improving education attainment, may moderate the impacts of adversity in early life and support health and functioning in later life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2024-001590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T06:05:44Z","timestamp":1740549944000},"page":"e001590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Childhood socioeconomic position and healthy ageing: results from five harmonised cohort studies in the ATHLOS consortium"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0874-4448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Tzu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Gnanapragasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Sanchez-Niubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zakir","family":"Hossin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Gr\u00fcnberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seppo","family":"Koskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Prina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110473891000_3.1.e001590.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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