{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:20:47Z","timestamp":1788740447673,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":80,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF21SH0069849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF21SH0069849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Childhood underweight, indicated by low body mass index (BMI) for age and sex, is associated with morbidity, mortality and poverty in low-income settings, but is often overlooked in high-income countries, due to unequivocal focus on overweight. This study examined the prevalence and socioeconomic characteristics of underweight among children and adolescents in Denmark during 2012\u20132019.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used nationwide Danish register data on height and weight measured objectively in 4\u200961\u2009041 6\u20137\u2009year-olds and 3\u200965\u2009312 14\u201315\u2009year-olds during 2012\u20132019, covering 89.4% and 67.2% of all schoolchildren in these age groups. We calculated BMI z-scores and classified underweight using the International Obesity Task Force age- and sex-specific BMI cut-offs and linked with data on parental education and household income as indicators of socioeconomic circumstances.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of underweight remained relatively stable at~8.5% among 6\u20137-year-old girls during 2012\u20132019. Among 14\u201315-year-old girls, it was initially higher but decreased slightly (&lt;1%-point) to 8.6% in 2019. Among boys, the prevalence increased from ~7%\u2009to just above 8% in both age groups during the period. Across all years, underweight was more common among 14\u201315\u2009year-olds whose parents had long higher education (girls: 10.4%\u201312.1%; boys: 8.7%\u201310.2%) compared with primary school (girls: 5.6%\u20137.5%; boys: 6.1%\u20137.8%), with the most pronounced differences among girls. Similar differences across parental education were observed among 6\u20137\u2009year-olds, although they were smaller. Less distinct but comparable differences in underweight prevalence were found across household income.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Underweight is prevalent but has remained relatively stable during the 2010s among Danish children and adolescents. Unlike the pattern reported in low-income settings, and that seen for overweight, underweight is associated with socioeconomic advantage in this high-income setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2024-002328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T10:31:10Z","timestamp":1742639470000},"page":"e002328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Has underweight increased among children and adolescents during 2012\u20132019, and does the prevalence depend on socioeconomic circumstances? 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