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This meta-analysis investigates the associations between self-efficacy, self-care behaviours and glycaemic control (HbA1c), accounting for diabetes duration, geographic region and the type of self-efficacy scale used. A systematic search of six databases from 2007 to 2024 identified studies examining self-efficacy in relation to self-care and HbA1c in adults with T2D. Random effects models were used to pool data from 62 studies (n=19\u2009231). Subgroup analyses explored differences by diabetes duration, global region, and measurement tool. Heterogeneity was assessed using I\u00b2 and \u03c4\u00b2 statistics. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, Egger\u2019s test and the trim-and-fill method. Self-efficacy was significantly associated with better self-care behaviour (r=0.44; 95%\u2009CI 0.36 to 0.51, p&lt;0.001) and lower HbA1c (r=\u20130.27; 95%\u2009CI \u20130.37 to \u20130.17, p&lt;0.001). Diabetes-specific self-efficacy measures yielded the strongest correlation with self-care (r=0.50; 95%\u2009CI 0.40 to 0.59). Stronger associations were observed in participants with shorter diabetes duration (r=0.51) and in low-income countries in East Asia (HbA1c: r=\u20130.34; 95%\u2009CI \u20130.49 to \u20130.17). Egger\u2019s test showed no significant publication bias (p=0.21). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of findings despite high heterogeneity. Self-efficacy is consistently linked to improved self-care and HbA1c in T2D. Targeted interventions that enhance diabetes-specific self-efficacy, particularly early in the disease and in low-resource settings, may significantly improve diabetes outcomes globally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>PROSPERO registration number CRD42024595997.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2024-002504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:00:23Z","timestamp":1782194423000},"page":"e002504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Power Within: a meta-analysis of the roles of self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes self-care and glycaemic control"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1796-4848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenni Wojujutari","family":"Ajele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Sciences, North-West University Faculty of Humanities, Mafikeng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erhabor Sunday","family":"Idemudia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062223001747000_4.2.e002504.1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation . 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