{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:53:07Z","timestamp":1791096787587,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caesarean sections (CSs) are an essential component of comprehensive emergency obstetric care to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. The tribal population accounts for 8.4% (104 million) of the total population of India. Significant differences exist in CS rates between tribal and non-tribal women which remain poorly understood. We examined the indications, obstetric surgical techniques and outcomes of CS in a resource-poor tribal hospital located in the Eastern Ghats of India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included review of records maintained in this tribal hospital for the year 2022 (1 January\u201331 December 2022) with regard to the indications, surgical techniques and outcomes of CS. There were a total of 779 births in the year 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the total births, 658 (84.5%) women belonged to the tribal community. The total number of CS was 112 (14.2%) in the study population, with a mean maternal age of 23.6\u00b13.9 years. The mean gestational age was 38.3\u00b13.2 weeks and the mean birth weight was 2.7\u00b10.4 kg. An increased frequency of CS (Robson\u2019s Category 10) 14 (6.9%) was noted among multiparous women. A history of previous CS 59 (52.7%) was the most common indication across all age groups. Increased prevalence of (Robson\u2019s Category 10) CS was noted among women aged 20\u201324 years 7 (14.6%) and 25\u201329 years 7 (16.7%). Double-layer uterine closure was the most used surgical technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of CS in this tribal population was 14%. This study is among the first to evaluate obstetric surgical outcomes and classify caesarean deliveries using Robson\u2019s criteria in a tribal community. CS was more common among younger mothers and those with a previous CS. These findings provide baseline data for future comparative research and highlight the need for standardised adhesion quantification based on surgical technique, particularly in women with a previous CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2025-003026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:25:37Z","timestamp":1791095137000},"page":"e003026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal and neonatal outcomes of caesarean deliveries in a resource-limited tribal hospital in the Eastern Ghats of India"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4098-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christy","family":"Vijay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Schonhofen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Protestant Hospital of the Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhay","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pravin","family":"Singarayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribal Health Initiative, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravikumar","family":"Manoharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribal Health Initiative, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prema","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribal Health Initiative, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Michael Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthumari","family":"G","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribal Health Initiative, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalitha","family":"Regi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribal Health Initiative, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regi","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribal Health Initiative, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100106150510000_4.4.e003026.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13526"},{"key":"2026100106150510000_4.4.e003026.2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Prevalence of Cesarean Section and Its Indications in A Tertiary Care Hospital","volume":"57","author":"Maskey","year":"2019","journal-title":"JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026100106150510000_4.4.e003026.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Silva Charvalho P , Hansson Bitt\u00e1r M , Vladic Stjernholm Y . 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