{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T14:06:09Z","timestamp":1767794769052,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":154,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_PC_19055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_PC_19055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preparation for a future pandemic or serious epidemic caused by a known or yet unknown pathogen (Disease X) is a global health priority. Controlled human infection studies (CHIS) are recognised as a valuable tool to accelerate development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics against pathogens with pandemic potential and may play a role in future pandemic settings. The acceptability of CHIS to potential participants in a pandemic setting has not been explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed-methods study of adults screened to participate in a first-in-human SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trial, using online survey and interviews, was undertaken between September and October 2020 in Oxford, UK. This work assessed individuals\u2019 views, motivations and experiences of participating in a trial during a pandemic setting, including attitudes towards a hypothetical SARS-CoV-2 CHIS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>349 of 770 (45%) invited individuals completed the survey, and 102 survey respondents (29%) participated in a structured interview. Participants were highly educated, research informed and predominantly of white ethnicity. Approximately a third of survey respondents agreed they would be willing to participate in a hypothetical SARS-CoV-2 CHIS. Individuals aged &lt;35 years old, those without children and those who were single were more likely to agree to participate in a hypothetical SARS-CoV-2 CHIS. This decision was dependent on short-term and long-term complications of infection, availability of rescue therapy, likelihood of CHIS to accelerate vaccine development and urgency of the public health need. Motivations to participate in a SARS-CoV-2 CHIS included altruism and a preference to acquire infection of a circulating pandemic pathogen in a controlled setting. The views of family and friends were important in individuals\u2019 decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaccine trial participants are an informed and motivated public group who can provide situated public expertise for CHIS pandemic preparedness. Recruitment to CHIS in a pandemic may be more efficient if targeted to younger, single individuals without children. Media engagement and information specifically for potential CHIS participants\u2019 families is important to facilitate informed discussion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2025-003096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T18:25:45Z","timestamp":1764786345000},"page":"e003096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mixed-methods study assessing the acceptability and feasibility of Human Challenge Studies for Disease X in Healthy UK Adults in a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic setting"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04324606","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Katherine RW","family":"Emary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"te Water Naude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arabella","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maia","family":"Patrick-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7650-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonia M","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Vanderslott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0895-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne H","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010703075881000_3.2.e003096.1","unstructured":"Microbial challenge studies of human volunteers. 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