{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T12:58:19Z","timestamp":1781269099653,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":72,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social support interventions show promise for improving health, yet evidence regarding their effectiveness and optimal approaches remains limited. We aimed to examine social support intervention outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed\/Medline, Elsevier EMBASE, NIBAHL and APA PsychInfo. The search was last conducted in October 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Included studies reported the effects of interventions on the social support outcomes, mental health or physical health of adults with chronic health conditions or disabilities. Studies were excluded if interventions did not aim to build or strengthen sustainable social support or did not provide quantitative outcome data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data extraction and synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We extracted data on intervention characteristics, intervention elements and effect sizes. We synthesised effect sizes based on outcome type and intervention provider, then examined patterns in effect sizes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interventions (n=110) were commonly delivered by peer mentors (35.1%) or mental health professionals (35.4%), primarily targeting emotional and informational support. There were small to moderate intervention effects. Skill-building interventions delivered by health professionals appeared more effective than peer-delivered interventions, but results were inconsistent across studies and there were still meaningful effects from peer mentorship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective interventions actively facilitated meaningful support by providing resources, assistance or health behaviour encouragement. Multicomponent interventions combining professional expertise with peer mentorship may optimise outcomes. Future research should further compare intervention components and formats and establish clear mechanisms linking social support improvements to health outcomes through larger-scale effectiveness trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2025-003445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T12:05:20Z","timestamp":1781265920000},"page":"e003445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of social support interventions on social, physical and mental health outcomes: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9082-6962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Kersey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangjin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa Tabor","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Shyres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elnaz","family":"Alimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Rojas Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8566-2091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moon Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phan","family":"Van Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelle","family":"Casem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Lipsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Donoso Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John G. 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