{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T14:06:48Z","timestamp":1767794808919,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":170,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sendas Family Fund","award":["Grant\/Award Number: Not Applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant\/Award Number: Not Applicable"]}]},{"name":"Raj and Indra Nooyi Professorship","award":["Grant\/Award Number: Not Applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant\/Award Number: Not Applicable"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00AI77945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00AI77945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"G. D. Hsiung Research Fellowship Yale School of Medicine","award":["Grant\/Award Number: Not Applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant\/Award Number: Not Applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Real-world evidence on the utility of SARS-CoV-2 mass screening in correctional facilities remains limited. The Connecticut Department of Correction (CTDOC) implemented an adaptive testing programme involving serial mass screening with reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Data from this programme offer a unique opportunity to evaluate mass screening throughout the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a longitudinal analysis of people tested as part of mass screening between November 2020 and May 2023 while housed in a CTDOC cell. We estimated the time to test result and the average number of exposures averted by isolating residents who tested positive. Averted exposures were calculated by comparing exposures in the 14 days following a positive versus negative test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 600\u2009477 recorded tests, collected among 29\u2009728 residents, 177\u2009845 were collected during mass screening and included. Median time from test collection to result notification was 2\u2009days (IQR: 1\u20133) for positives and 1\u2009day (IQR: 1\u20132) for negatives. Among residents who tested positive during mass screening, the average number of susceptible cellmates declined from 1.23 on the test day to 0.16 by day 8; at the cell block level, susceptible contacts fell from 79.5 to 0.19 by day 9. These declines corresponded with an average of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.62 to 0.67)\u2009cell and up to 66.9 (95% CI: 64.7 to 69.1) cell block exposures adverted per day per positive case. However, between testing and result notification, residents who tested positive had an average of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.23) susceptible cellmates and 73.0 (95% CI: 71.4 to 74.6) susceptible cell block contacts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mass screening in correctional facilities can reduce exposures to respiratory pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, through timely identification and isolation. However, test delays, limited isolation capacity and missed infections allow ongoing transmission even in well-resourced settings, suggesting that testing alone is unlikely to fully mitigate transmission in correctional facilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2025-003641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T04:10:20Z","timestamp":1766117420000},"page":"e003641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mass SARS-CoV-2 testing in US correctional facilities during the pandemic: a longitudinal analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byron S","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Department of Correction, Wethersfield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Lansing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Department of Correction, Wethersfield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert P","family":"Richeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Department of Correction, Wethersfield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Hitchings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert I","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1572-4074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret L","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.1","unstructured":"CDC . CDC museum COVID-19 timeline. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/museum\/timeline\/covid19.html [Accessed 20 Mar 2025]."},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macedo S , Lee F . In covid\u2019s wake: how our politics failed us. 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Recommendations for COVID-19 close contacts. CDC Stacks; 2022."},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6933a3","article-title":"Mass Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in 16 Prisons and Jails - Six Jurisdictions, United States, April-May 2020","volume":"69","author":"Hagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207082","article-title":"Protection against Omicron from Vaccination and Previous Infection in a Prison System","volume":"387","author":"Chin","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-020-00125-3","article-title":"COVID-19 cases and testing in 53 prison systems","volume":"8","author":"Lemasters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Justice"},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.13","unstructured":"Matucci K , Banevicius A . Department of correction relocates medical isolation unit to macdougall-walker facility. State of Connecticut Department of Correction; 2020."},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.14","unstructured":"Quest Diagnostics . SARS-CoV-2 RNA, qualitative real-time RT-PCR (test code 39433). 2020."},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa466","article-title":"Pooling of Upper Respiratory Specimens Using a SARS-CoV-2 Real-time RT-PCR Assay Authorized for Emergency Use in Low-Prevalence Populations for High-Throughput Testing","volume":"7","author":"Borillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.16","unstructured":"Department of State . Guidance on coronavirus quarantine. Washington DC, 2020."},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7222a3","article-title":"Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Incidence of Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Blood Donors, by COVID-19 Vaccination Status - United States, April 2021-September 2022","volume":"72","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-012328","article-title":"Severity and outcomes of Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 compared to Delta variant and severity of Omicron sublineages: a systematic review and metanalysis","volume":"8","author":"Relan","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.1181","article-title":"Acute and Postacute COVID-19 Outcomes Among Immunologically Naive Adults During Delta vs Omicron Waves","volume":"6","author":"Doll","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026010703081643000_3.2.e003641.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kendig NE , Bur S , Zaslavsky J . 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