{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T02:12:17Z","timestamp":1778724737883,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Reconstruction Agency, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP21tm0124006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21tm0124006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) caused widespread devastation, displacing residents and increasing concerns about social isolation. In this study, we examine the association between housing type at a single postdisaster time point (6 years after the GEJE) and social isolation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 16 610 participants (5828 men and 10 782 women; mean age 59.4\u00b111.1 years) in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-based Cohort Study were analysed. Housing was categorised into eight types. Social isolation was measured using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using logistic regression, with analyses stratified by gender and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men living in rental housing, particularly those under 65, had a higher risk of social isolation compared with those who remained in their pre-GEJE homes (OR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.28). Men under 65 in rebuilt homes in affected areas also showed reduced risk (OR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.86). Men aged 65 and older in prefabricated or temporary housing were at high risk (OR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.03), but this association disappeared after adjusting for baseline social isolation. Among women, only those aged 65 and older living with friends or relatives had a significantly high risk of social isolation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Housing type influences social isolation after disasters, especially among men. Rental housing may increase isolation risk, while reconstructed homes may reduce it. Disaster recovery policies should address housing-related social isolation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2025-003841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T02:05:12Z","timestamp":1778724312000},"page":"e003841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social isolation by housing type 6 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake in Iwate prefecture: longitudinal findings from the Tohoku Medical Megabank community-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4659-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuka","family":"Kotozaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Akasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1264-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kozo","family":"Tanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051319050662000_4.2.e003841.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60671-5","article-title":"Earthquake in Japan","volume":"377","author":"Furukawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026051319050662000_4.2.e003841.2","unstructured":"Reconstruction Design Council in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake . 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