{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:33:31Z","timestamp":1777534411452,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV\/AIDS remains a major global health issue, and young students are a key affected group. Conventional interventions have overlooked students\u2019 psychological and behavioural differences, reducing their impact. This study will identify specific psychosocial factors that drive college students to get HIV testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We surveyed 4451 college students in various regions in China from December 2022 to March 2023. Analysis occurred in two steps. First, we used partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to test linear causal relationships among psychosocial constructs. Second, we used fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to pinpoint combinations leading to high willingness for HIV testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In PLS-SEM, lower HIV stigma (\u03b2=0.352, 95% CI 0.311 to 0.391)\u2009and higher condom-use self-efficacy (\u03b2=0.087, 95% CI 0.056 to 0.120) were associated with stronger safe-sex intention, which was associated with higher testing willingness (\u03b2=0.067, 95% CI 0.053 to 0.081). FsQCA identified five distinct pathways leading to high HIV testing willingness (coverage=0.788, consistency=0.790). The main types were (1) students with strong condom use intention; (2) students with low HIV stigma and supportive environments; (3) students with high risk perception and preventive actions; (4) students with high self-efficacy and HIV knowledge and (5) students confident in risk management and willing to test despite risk. These findings show there are multiple clear ways students reach a high willingness for HIV testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a dual analytic approach, we found that lower HIV stigma and higher condom-use self-efficacy were associated with greater safe-sex intention, which in turn was associated with higher HIV testing willingness. fsQCA further suggested multiple psychosocial configurations linked to high willingness. These findings may inform a combined universal-plus-tailored approach to campus HIV testing promotion, while longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to test causality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2025-004224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:55:18Z","timestamp":1777395318000},"page":"e004224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What psychosocial factors shape HIV testing willingness among Chinese college students? A cross-sectional survey integrating PLS-SEM and fsQCA"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7835-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wangnan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5208-6254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunting","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Fujian Medical University, School of Health Management, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangsu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Center for Geriatric Health Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junhong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Handan First Hospital, Heibei Province, Heibei, Beijing, 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