{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:38:46Z","timestamp":1792042726902,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-047050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-047050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children under 5 in northern Benin remain highly vulnerable to malaria infection. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), implemented since 2019, shows promise in reducing this burden. However, current malaria funding cuts threaten its future implementation putting additional children\u2019s lives at risk. Generating evidence about SMC\u2019s effectiveness is therefore crucial to support continued implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quasi-experimental analysis evaluated SMC\u2019s impact on malaria morbidity in children under 5 during 2019\u20132022. Routine malaria indicators retrieved from the Health Management Information System from six SMC-treated health zones (HZs) were compared against synthetic counterfactuals constructed using nine eligibles untreated HZs. Synthetic control methods identified control HZs best matching intervention HZs on pre-intervention (2017\u20132018) characteristics (rainfall, temperature, relative humidity), with pre-intervention fit assessed using root mean square prediction error. Generalised linear mixed models then estimated SMC effects on uncomplicated and severe malaria incidences, accounting for reporting bias, other interventions and key environmental factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following SMC implementation, severe malaria incidence decreased by 41% in the intervention group (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.59, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.79)\u2009but increased by 26% in the control group (IRR: 1.30, 95%\u2009CI 0.97 to 1.63). Although uncomplicated malaria incidence rose in both groups, the increase was significantly lower in the SMC group (2.49%) compared with the control (16.3%). The ratio of IRR in the intervention versus control HZs was 78% (95% CI 63% to 96%, p=0.004) for uncomplicated malaria and 47% (95% CI 30% to 74%, p&lt;0.001) for severe malaria, confirming a protective effect of SMC on both outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings strongly support continuing SMC implementation in northern Benin and its geographical expansion to eligible HZs not yet covered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2025-004335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T13:20:34Z","timestamp":1785158434000},"page":"e004335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing the effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on malaria burden among children under 5 in northern Benin: a statistical modelling approach"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5841-4336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland Christel","family":"Sonounameto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda"},{"name":"University of Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques et d\u2019Estimations Foresti\u00e8res, Abomey-Calavi, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barikissou Georgia","family":"Damien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Abomey-Calavi, Centre de Formation et de Recherche en mati\u00e8re de Population, Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim\u00f3teo A","family":"Sambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Houndjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Aissan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rock","family":"Aikpon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Codjo","family":"Dandonougbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Gl\u00e8l\u00e8 Kaka\u00ef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques et d\u2019Estimations Foresti\u00e8res, Abomey-Calavi, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Pothin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072706201697000_4.3.e004335.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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