{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:05:31Z","timestamp":1790863531688,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zoonotic diseases pose a significant public health threat, particularly in urbanising areas of low- and middle-income countries like Tanzania, where informal livestock keeping overlaps with inadequate waste management practices. Livestock keepers\u2019 knowledge and attitudes toward zoonotic waste management are crucial for preventing disease transmission within a One Health framework, yet these aspects remain underexplored in rapidly growing cities such as Dodoma Urban.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed knowledge and attitudes regarding zoonotic waste management among livestock keepers in Dodoma Urban, Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional analytical study involving 384 livestock keepers selected using systematic sampling was conducted. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from prior studies, translated into Swahili and analysed using SPSS V.27. All independent variables with p&lt;0.20 were included in the multivariable logistic model. Independent variables with p\u22640.05\u2009and 95%\u2009CI were considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 384 participants with a mean age of 34.14 years (SD\u00b17.162) were recruited. The study highlighted that 54.2% (n=208) had adequate knowledge, while 44.3% (n=170) had positive attitudes. Factors significantly associated with adequate knowledge included age &gt;35 years (adjusted OR (AOR)=4.43, 95%\u2009CI 2.44 to 10.62, p=0.006), tertiary education (AOR=6.11, 95%\u2009CI 3.58 to 9.12, p=0.003), &gt;10 years of experience (AOR=3.27, 95%\u2009CI 1.22 to 5.24, p=0.01) and training (AOR=5.38, 95%\u2009CI 2.22 to 7.65, p=0.003). Similar factors were associated with positive attitudes, including age &gt;35 years (AOR=5.44, 95%\u2009CI 1.53 to 7.86, p=0.005), tertiary education (AOR=7.35, 95%\u2009CI 5.15 to 12.76, p=0.002), &gt;10 years of experience (AOR=4.49, 95%\u2009CI 1.34 to 5.78, p=0.004) and training (AOR=6.10, 95%\u2009CI 2.66 to 8.83, p=0.002).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Livestock keepers in Dodoma Urban demonstrate moderate knowledge but suboptimal attitudes toward zoonotic waste management, influenced by socio-demographic factors and training. Targeted educational interventions and policy enforcement are crucial for enhancing urban livestock systems, One Health preparedness and reducing zoonotic spill-over risks in urban Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2025-004806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:41:36Z","timestamp":1790862096000},"page":"e004806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping the zoonotic interface: a cross-sectional study of One Health waste management knowledge and attitudes among urban livestock keepers in the Dodoma region, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sarah P","family":"Mweta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Education and Management, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7459-7864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dedius E","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter C","family":"Millanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Education and Management, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100106151253000_4.4.e004806.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1199664","article-title":"Knowledge, perceptions, and practices around zoonotic diseases among actors in the livestock trade in the Lake Victoria crescent ecosystem in East Africa","volume":"11","author":"Majiwa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2026100106151253000_4.4.e004806.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-062922-060125","article-title":"Domestic Animals as Potential Reservoirs of Zoonotic Viral Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Tomori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci"},{"key":"2026100106151253000_4.4.e004806.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3390\/zoonoticdis5040032","article-title":"Drivers and Consequences of Viral Zoonoses: Public Health and Economic Perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Banik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"2026100106151253000_4.4.e004806.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s42522-025-00153-9","article-title":"Cultural and behavioral drivers of zoonotic disease transmission and persistence among diverse pastoralist communities in East 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The significance of education in the preparedness for zoonotic diseases. In: Speran\u00e7a MA , ed. 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