{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:51:50Z","timestamp":1791553910012,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72044020FA00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72044020FA00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Stop TB Partnership \/ TB REACH","award":["STBP\/TBREACH\/GSA\/W9-9110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STBP\/TBREACH\/GSA\/W9-9110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2026-005566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:20:18Z","timestamp":1791552018000},"page":"e005566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accuracy and operational performance of computer-aided detection software use cases for TB screening: a retrospective comparative evaluation in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1380-8300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew James","family":"Codlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends for International Tuberculosis Relief, Ha Noi, Viet Nam"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thang P","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends for International Tuberculosis Relief, Ha Noi, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luan Nguyen Quang","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends for International Tuberculosis Relief, Ha Noi, Viet Nam"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0716-3342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Forse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends for International Tuberculosis Relief, Ha Noi, Viet Nam"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binh H","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends for International Tuberculosis Relief, Ha Noi, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phuong N","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends for International Tuberculosis Relief, Ha Noi, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha Thi Minh","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan H","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoa Binh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viet Nam National Lung Hospital, Ha Noi, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luong V","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viet Nam National Lung Hospital, Ha Noi, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi Sidney","family":"Annerstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Lundin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"L\u00f6nnroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.1","unstructured":"Global tuberculosis report 2025. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization; 2025."},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01841-6"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00364-2017","article-title":"The long and winding road of chest radiography for tuberculosis detection","volume":"49","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.4","unstructured":"WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis. Module 2: Screening \u2013 Systematic Screening for Tuberculosis Disease. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2021."},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.5","first-page":"65","article-title":"Chest imaging in paediatric pulmonary TB","volume":"36","author":"Pillay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032917","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of radiographic manifestations of tuberculosis in relationship with CD4 count in patients with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"102","author":"Frey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.2174\/1573405614666180806124416","article-title":"Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Radiological Presentation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Otherwise Non-Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"Zafar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Med Imaging Rev"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30751-8"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-016-0534-1"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Worodria W , Castro R , Kik SV , et al . An independent, multi-country head-to-head accuracy comparison of automated chest x-ray algorithms for the triage of pulmonary tuberculosis. medRxiv 2024. doi:10.1101\/2024.06.19.24309061","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.06.19.24309061"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-06164-w","article-title":"Comparing the accuracy of computer-aided detection (CAD) software and radiologists from multiple countries for tuberculosis detection in chest X-Rays","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.12","unstructured":"Use of computer-aided detection software for tuberculosis screening: WHO policy statement. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization; 2025."},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.240650","article-title":"AI Applications for Thoracic Imaging: Considerations for Best Practice","volume":"314","author":"Hwang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.01.001","article-title":"Patient Perceptions of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: A Scoping Review","volume":"33","author":"Udupa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-025-00999-z","article-title":"Innovations in artificial intelligence to minimize diagnostic error - a comparison with human interpretation of chest radiographs in the clinical context: a scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Sierra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Technol"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2022.11.016","article-title":"Knowledge, perceptions, and expectations of Artificial intelligence in radiography practice: A global radiography workforce survey","volume":"54","author":"Akudjedu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Sci"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.17","unstructured":"WHO Operational Handbook on Tuberculosis. Module 3: Diagnosis - Rapid Diagnostics for Tuberculosis Detection, 2021 Update. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2021."},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2018.02.002"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2019.0821","article-title":"Clinical Implementation of Deep Learning in Thoracic Radiology: Potential Applications and Challenges","volume":"21","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s44263-023-00033-2","article-title":"Early user perspectives on using computer-aided detection software for interpreting chest X-ray images to enhance access and quality of care for persons with tuberculosis","volume":"1","author":"Creswell","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000404","article-title":"Implementing a chest X-ray artificial intelligence tool to enhance tuberculosis screening in India: Lessons learned","volume":"2","author":"Vijayan","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Digit Health"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8110488","article-title":"Computer-Aided Detection for Chest Radiography to Improve the Quality of Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Vietnam\u2019s District Health Facilities: An Implementation Study","volume":"8","author":"Innes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-24-00024","article-title":"An Effective Health System Approach to End TB: Implementing the Double X Strategy in Vietnam","volume":"12","author":"Innes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob Health Sci Pract"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5365\/wpsar.2024.15.5.1060"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01832-7","article-title":"Population-scale cross-sectional observational study for AI-powered TB screening on one million CXRs","volume":"8","author":"Munjal","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000691","article-title":"Identification of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Patients With Positive Interferon-Gamma Release Assay Results: Value of a Deep Learning-based Computer-aided Detection System in Different Scenarios of Implementation","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01240-1"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s44263-025-00237-8","article-title":"Bridging the analog divide: a comparison of printed X-ray films and digital images when using computer-aided detection software for tuberculosis screening","volume":"4","author":"Codlin","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.29","unstructured":"Target product profiles for tuberculosis screening tests. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization; 2025."},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moe CA , Luswata RK , Barrameda AJ , et al . Diagnostic yield of tongue swab- compared to sputum-based molecular testing for tuberculosis in four high-burden countries. Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS) 2025. doi:10.1101\/2025.07.03.25330836","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.03.25330836"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12120509"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-018-0599-0"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e703","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00153-X","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for breast cancer detection in screening mammography in Sweden: a prospective, population-based, paired-reader, non-inferiority study","volume":"5","author":"Dembrower","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-025-01926-6","article-title":"Guidelines and recommendations for radiologist staffing, education and training","volume":"16","author":"Brady","year":"2025","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058195","article-title":"Optimising Xpert-Ultra and culture testing to reliably measure tuberculosis prevalence in the community: findings from surveys in Zambia and South Africa","volume":"12","author":"Floyd","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae528","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest X-ray Computer-Aided Detection Software for Detection of Prevalent and Incident Tuberculosis in Household Contacts","volume":"80","author":"Macpherson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2025.2470998","article-title":"The performance of computer-aided detection for chest radiography in tuberculosis screening: a population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Xin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2026100906201128000_4.4.e005566.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003787","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of participants of a TB prevalence survey with an abnormal chest X-ray but no evidence of TB disease after a median follow-up of 9 months in Zambia and South Africa","volume":"5","author":"Ruperez","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"}],"container-title":["BMJ Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjph-2026-005566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:20:23Z","timestamp":1791552023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjpublichealth.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjph-2026-005566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjph-2026-005566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjph-2026-005566","relation":{},"ISSN":["2753-4294"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2753-4294","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}}}