{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:21:54Z","timestamp":1793708514968,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Qual Saf"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are costly, common and often preventable by reducing unnecessary urinary catheter (UC) use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarise interventions to reduce UC use and CAUTIs, we updated a prior systematic review (through October 2012), and a meta-analysis regarding interventions prompting UC removal by reminders or stop orders. A narrative review summarises other CAUTI prevention strategies including aseptic insertion, catheter maintenance, antimicrobial UCs, and bladder bundle implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>30 studies were identified and summarised with interventions to prompt removal of UCs, with potential for inclusion in the meta-analyses. By meta-analysis (11 studies), the rate of CAUTI (episodes per 1000 catheter-days) was reduced by 53% (rate ratio 0.47; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.64, p&lt;0.001) using a reminder or stop order, with five studies also including interventions to decrease initial UC placement. The pooled (nine studies) standardised mean difference (SMD) in catheterisation duration (days) was \u22121.06 overall (p=0.065) including a statistically significant decrease in stop-order studies (SMD \u22120.37; p&lt;0.001) but not in reminder studies (SMD, \u22121.54; p=0.071). No significant harm from catheter removal strategies is supported. Limited research is available regarding the impact of UC insertion and maintenance technique. A recent randomised controlled trial indicates antimicrobial catheters provide no significant benefit in preventing symptomatic CAUTIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UC reminders and stop orders appear to reduce CAUTI rates and should be used to improve patient safety. Several evidence-based guidelines have evaluated CAUTI preventive strategies as well as emerging evidence regarding intervention bundles. Implementation strategies are important because reducing UC use involves changing well-established habits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-001774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,28]],"date-time":"2013-09-28T00:46:22Z","timestamp":1380329182000},"page":"277-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":339,"title":["Reducing unnecessary urinary catheter use and other strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection: an integrative review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Meddings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary A M","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L","family":"Krein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad G","family":"Fakih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell N","family":"Olmsted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Saint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090411591160000_23.4.277.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01567.x","article-title":"Urinary catheters: what type do men and their nurses prefer?","volume":"47","author":"Saint","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2025090411591160000_23.4.277.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2003.08.007"},{"key":"2025090411591160000_23.4.277.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.04.219"},{"key":"2025090411591160000_23.4.277.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430130115012"},{"key":"2025090411591160000_23.4.277.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00531-3"},{"key":"2025090411591160000_23.4.277.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200205","article-title":"Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in U.S. hospitals, 2002","volume":"122","author":"Klevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2025090411591160000_23.4.277.7","unstructured":"Scott R . 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