{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:04:09Z","timestamp":1791378249907,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PB-PG-0816-20001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PB-PG-0816-20001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Qual Saf"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Healthcare organisations have legal and ethical duties to reduce inequalities in access to healthcare services and related outcomes. However, lesbian, gay, bisexual and\/or transgender (LGBT+) people continue to experience and anticipate discrimination in health and social care. Skilled communication is vital for quality person-centred care, but there is inconsistent provision of evidence-based clinician education on health needs and experiences of LGBT+ people to support this. This study aimed to identify key stakeholders\u2019 experiences, preferences and best practices for communication regarding sexual orientation, gender identity and gender history in order to reduce inequalities in healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Semistructured qualitative interviews with LGBT+ patients with serious illness, significant others and clinicians, recruited via UK-wide LGBT+ groups, two hospitals and one hospice in England. We analysed the interview data using reflexive thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>74 stakeholders participated: 34 LGBT+ patients with serious illness, 13 significant others and 27 multiprofessional clinicians. Participants described key communication strategies to promote inclusive practice across three domains: (1) \u2018Creating positive first impressions and building rapport\u2019 were central to relationship building and enacted through routine use of inclusive language, avoiding potentially negative non-verbal signals and echoing terminology used by patients and caregivers; (2) \u2018Enhancing care by actively exploring and explaining the relevance of sexual orientation and gender identity\u2019, participants described the benefits of clinicians initiating these discussions, pursuing topics guided by the patient\u2019s response or expressed preferences for disclosure. Active involvement of significant others was encouraged to demonstrate recognition of the relationship; these individual level actions are underpinned by a foundation of (3) \u2018visible and consistent LGBT+ inclusiveness in care systems\u2019. Although participants expressed hesitance talking about LGBT+ identities with individuals from some sociocultural and religious backgrounds, there was widespread support for institutions to adopt a standardised, LGBT+ inclusive, visibly supportive approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Person-centred care can be enhanced by incorporating discussions about sexual orientation and gender identity into routine clinical practice. Inclusive language and sensitive exploration of relationships and identities are core activities. Institutions need to support clinicians through provision of adequate training, resources, inclusive monitoring systems, policies and structures. Ten inclusive communication recommendations are made based on the data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2022-014792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T02:30:33Z","timestamp":1661999433000},"page":"109-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Communication about sexual orientation and gender between clinicians, LGBT+ people facing serious illness and their significant others: a qualitative interview study of experiences, preferences and recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9253-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debbie","family":"Braybrook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Bristowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liadh","family":"Timmins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Public Involvement member, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Clift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Public Involvement member, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Public Involvement member, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E","family":"Sleeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090411151542000_32.2.109.1","unstructured":"Ipsos . 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