{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:13:59Z","timestamp":1791274439837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis is increasing rapidly worldwide, especially among children and in western countries. This coincides with an increase in body mass index (BMI), which might be a major risk factor for atopic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To study the relationship between high BMI and allergic diseases, as well as skin-prick test (SPT) positivity and exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in 6733 randomly selected schoolchildren aged 9\u201311\u2005years in the French Six Cities Study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was carried out in Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Cr\u00e9teil, Marseille, Reims and Strasbourg. Parental questionnaires based on the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) were used to collect information on allergic diseases and potential risk factors. Skin-prick testing to common allergens was performed to identify the existence of an allergic hypersensitivity and an exercise test was also performed to assess EIA. Height and weight were collected by trained investigators. After computing the BMI (weight\/height squared), the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs were used to define overweight and obesity. The children were also classified as wheezing or non-wheezing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After adjustment for confounding factors, lifetime asthma was associated with high BMI among non-wheezing children (adjusted OR, aOR=1.98, 95% CI (1.06 to 3.70)). In addition, lifetime and past-year allergic rhinitis was associated with high BMI in wheezing children (aOR=1.63, (1.09 to 2.45) and aOR=2.20, (1.13 to 4.27)). However, high BMI was not significantly associated with eczema, SPT positivity or EIA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study shows a positive association between high BMI and lifetime asthma in non-wheezing children. High BMI was also associated with lifetime and past-year allergic rhinitis. Further studies are needed to provide causal evidence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2014-000054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,25]],"date-time":"2014-12-25T00:36:56Z","timestamp":1419467816000},"page":"e000054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["High body mass index and allergies in schoolchildren: the French six cities study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Danielle","family":"Saadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon"},{"name":"INSERM U897, Institut de Sant\u00e9 Publique d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Salameh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Caillaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Charpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Nord, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"de Blay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Civil, Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Kopferschmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Civil, Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Lavaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Maison Blanche, Reims, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Annesi-Maesano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPAR, UMR-S 1136, Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM and UPMC Sorbonne Universites, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Baldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U897, Institut de Sant\u00e9 Publique d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Raherison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U897, Institut de Sant\u00e9 Publique d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Service des maladies respiratoires, H\u00f4pital du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00e8que, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083111212684000_1.1.e000054.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5093399","article-title":"Diet and allergic diseases among population aged 0 to 18 years: myths or reality?","volume":"5","author":"Saadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025083111212684000_1.1.e000054.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07302-9"},{"key":"2025083111212684000_1.1.e000054.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170230039005"},{"key":"2025083111212684000_1.1.e000054.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520030047027"},{"key":"2025083111212684000_1.1.e000054.5","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). 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