{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T04:07:26Z","timestamp":1791691646163,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pirfenidone is an oral antifibrotic agent that has been shown to reduce the decline in lung function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We performed an integrated analysis of safety data from five clinical trials evaluating pirfenidone in patients with IPF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients treated with pirfenidone in the three multinational Phase 3 studies (CAPACITY (studies 004 and 006), ASCEND (study 016)) and two ongoing open-label studies (study 002 and study 012 (RECAP)) were included in the analysis. Safety outcomes were assessed during the period from the first dose until 28\u2005days after the last dose of study drug.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1299 patients were included in the analysis. The cumulative total exposure to pirfenidone was 3160 person exposure years (PEY). The median duration of exposure was 1.7\u2005years (range 1\u2005week to 9.9\u2005years), and the mean (\u00b1SD) daily dose was 2053.8 (\u00b1484.9) mg. Gastrointestinal events (nausea (37.6%), diarrhoea (28.1%), dyspepsia (18.4%), vomiting (15.9%)) and rash (25.0%) were the most common adverse events; these were generally mild to moderate in severity and without significant clinical consequence. Elevations in alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase greater than three times the upper limit of normal occurred in 40\/1299 (3.1%) patients (adjusted incidence, 2.3 per 100 PEY). Elevations were generally transient and reversible with dose modification or discontinuation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A comprehensive analysis of safety outcomes in a large and well-defined cohort of 1299 patients with IPF who were followed prospectively for up to 9.9\u2005years demonstrated that long-term treatment with pirfenidone is safe and generally well tolerated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration numbers<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT00287716, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT00287729\">NCT00287729<\/jats:ext-link>,  <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT00662038\">NCT00662038<\/jats:ext-link>,  <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT01366209\">NCT01366209<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2015-000105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]],"date-time":"2016-01-13T04:01:23Z","timestamp":1452657683000},"page":"e000105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Safety of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: integrated analysis of cumulative data from 5 clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00287729","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00662038","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01366209","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Albera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Williamson Z","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InterMune Inc, Brisbane, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Costabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland M","family":"du Bois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Professor of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Fagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InterMune Inc, Brisbane, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S","family":"Fishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InterMune Inc, Brisbane, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Glaspole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIRMED, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn K","family":"Glassberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Talmadge E","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Lederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengning","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InterMune Inc, Brisbane, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Disease Department, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J","family":"Swigris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Valeyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Service, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Avicenne University Hospital, Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL"},{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60405-4"},{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402582"},{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00005209"},{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12297"},{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-571OC"},{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9805017"},{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2009.03.003"},{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.9","first-page":"198","article-title":"Analysis of lung function and survival in RECAP: an open-label extension study of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"31","author":"Costabel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.10","unstructured":"Esbriet [summary of product characteristics]. London, UK: InterMune UK Ltd, 2011."},{"key":"2025083110080076000_3.1.e000105.11","unstructured":"Esbriet (pirfenidone) capsules, for oral use [package insert]. Brisbane, CA: InterMune, Inc, 2014."}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Respiratory Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2015-000105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T17:08:08Z","timestamp":1756660088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopenrespres.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2015-000105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjresp-2015-000105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2015-000105","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-4439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-4439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}}}