{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T06:42:50Z","timestamp":1770446570075,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Only a third of obese patients develop chronic ventilatory failure. This cross-sectional study assessed multiple factors potentially associated with chronic ventilatory failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials\/patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants had a body mass index (BMI) &gt;30\u2005kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, with or without chronic ventilatory failure (awake arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide &gt;6\u2005kPa or base excess (BE) \u22652\u2005mmols\/L). Factors investigated were grouped into domains: (1) obesity measures, (2) pulmonary function, (3) respiratory and non-respiratory muscle strength, (4) sleep study derivatives, (5) hypoxic and hypercapnic responses, and (6) some hormonal, nutritional and inflammatory measures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>71 obese participants (52% male) were studied over 27\u2005months, 52 (SD 9) years and BMI 47 (range 32\u201374) kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The best univariate correlates of BE from each domain were: (1) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement of visceral fat (r=+0.50, p=0.001); (2) supine forced expiratory volume in 1\u2005s (r=\u22120.40, p=0.001); (3) sniff maximum pressure (r=\u22120.28, p=0.02); (4) mean overnight arterial oxygen saturation (r=\u22120.50, p&lt;0.001); (5) ventilatory response to 15% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> breathing (r=\u22120.28, p=0.02); and (6) vitamin D (r=\u22120.30, p=0.01). In multivariate analysis, only visceral fat and ventilatory response to hypoxia remained significant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We have confirmed that in the obese, BMI is a poor correlate of chronic ventilatory failure, and the best independent correlates are visceral fat and hypoxic ventilatory response.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT01380418.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2015-000110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T23:14:17Z","timestamp":1455837257000},"page":"e000110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Correlates of obesity-related chronic ventilatory 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