{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:15:18Z","timestamp":1789449318645,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has systemic repercussions that can lead to peripheral muscle dysfunction. Muscle atrophy reduces aerobic capacity, greatly limiting activities of daily living and quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation is the gold standard treatment for these patients, however, patients may not be able to reach sufficient training intensities for benefits to occur. Technologies such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) are currently being adapted and tested to enhance exercise training. We hypothesise that FES coupled with cycling (FES-cycling) will improve maximal uptake of oxygen (VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and aerobic capacity more than endurance training with placebo stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial will be carried out to evaluate the effects of FES-cycling on VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> during endurance exercise on a cycle ergometer in patients with COPD. 25 patients with COPD will carry out two 30\u2005min sessions at a constant load; one session with active and one with placebo FES. The primary outcome is oxygen uptake recorded with a metabolic measurement system. Secondary outcomes include ventilation equivalent for oxygen, ventilation equivalent for carbon dioxide, cardiac output, lactate values, perceived dyspnoea and perceived muscle fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Approval has been granted by our Institutional Review Board (Comit\u00e9 de Protection des Personnes Nord-Ouest 3). The results of the trial will be presented at national and international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT02594722.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2016-000130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T22:49:08Z","timestamp":1460501348000},"page":"e000130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of oxygen uptake during cycle ergometry with and without functional electrical stimulation in patients with COPD: protocol for a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02594722","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Medrinal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Montivilliers, France"},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap Ventilatoire, UPRES EA 3830, Haute-Normandie Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Prieur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Montivilliers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Debeaumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Physiologie Respiratoire et Sportive, H\u00f4pital de Bois Guillaume, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Robledo Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Montivilliers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Combret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Montivilliers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Quieffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, H\u00f4pital Jacques Monod, Montivilliers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Contal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bouchra","family":"Lamia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Respiratory Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France"},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap Ventilatoire, UPRES EA 3830, Haute-Normandie Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110094183000_3.1.e000130.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61377-4"},{"key":"2025083110094183000_3.1.e000130.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0"},{"key":"2025083110094183000_3.1.e000130.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107031"},{"key":"2025083110094183000_3.1.e000130.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.3.8630582"},{"key":"2025083110094183000_3.1.e000130.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10020417"},{"key":"2025083110094183000_3.1.e000130.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lacasse Y , Goldstein R , Lasserson TJ , et al . 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