{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:38:10Z","timestamp":1790267890201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a hypothesis that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an accelerated ageing disease. Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterised by physical, psychological and social vulnerability, thought to be a feature of ageing. The authors aimed to explore the relationship between frailty and physiological and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in subjects with stable COPD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We administered the Kihon Checklist that has been validated for frailty screening. We also assessed patient-reported measurements of health status and dyspnoea using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), the St. George\u2019s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), the Hyland Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form (SF-36), the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) and the Dyspnea-12 (D-12). Pulmonary function was also measured.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 79 consecutive COPD outpatients, 38 (48.1%), 24 (30.4%) and 17 (21.5%) patients were classified as robust, prefrail and frail, respectively. The total Kihon Checklist score was significantly weakly to moderately correlated with the CAT score (Spearman\u2019s rank correlation coefficient (Rs)=0.38, p&lt;0.01), the SGRQ total score (Rs=0.65, p&lt;0.01), the Hyland Scale score (Rs=\u22120.54, p&lt;0.01), all subscale scores of the SF-36 (Rs=\u22120.64\u2009to \u22120.31, p&lt;0.01), the BDI score (Rs=\u22120.46, p&lt;0.01) and the D-12 score (Rs=0.41, p&lt;0.01). We found no or only weak correlations between the total Kihon Checklist score and lung function measurements. We found statistically significant between-group (robust, prefrail and frail) differences in most PRO scores. Using stepwise multiple regression analyses to identify the variables that predicted the total Kihon Checklist score, the SGRQ total score alone significantly explained 49.1% of the variance (p&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Frailty was significantly correlated with PROs, especially health status, unlike lung function. Frailty should be assessed in addition to PROs separately from lung function as part of multidimensional analyses of COPD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T20:10:20Z","timestamp":1499112620000},"page":"e000196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Frailty and patient-reported outcomes in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: are they independent entities?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Kusunose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Oga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saya","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110071933000_4.1.e000196.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0596PP"},{"key":"2025083110071933000_4.1.e000196.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S429","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201602-124AW","article-title":"Is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease an accelerated aging disease?","volume":"13","author":"MacNee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025083110071933000_4.1.e000196.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00129507"},{"key":"2025083110071933000_4.1.e000196.4","first-page":"433","article-title":"Frailty syndrome: an overview","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2025083110071933000_4.1.e000196.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201512-833FR","article-title":"Frailty in pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"13","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025083110071933000_4.1.e000196.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146"},{"key":"2025083110071933000_4.1.e000196.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brummel NE , Bell SP , Girard TD , et al . 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