{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T19:50:50Z","timestamp":1769197850736,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"NIHR - Research for Patient Benefit grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pleural malignancy, particularly malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is increasing in incidence due to the long latency period from exposure to asbestos to development of the disease. MPM can be challenging to diagnose. For patients presenting without a pleural effusion, CT-guided biopsy remains the primary choice of biopsy, but the diagnostic sensitivity of this investigation is 70%\u201375%. Therefore, a proportion of patients will go on to require further biopsies. If the first biopsy is non-diagnostic, the chances of further non-diagnostic biopsies are high in MPM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Target is a multicentre randomised controlled trial, aiming to recruit 78 patients over a 30-month period, from 10 centres in the UK. Patients will be randomised to either the standard arm which is a second CT-guided biopsy, or the interventional arm, a positron emission tomography-CT scan followed by a targeted CT-guided biopsy. Patients will be followed up for 12 months (patients recruited in the last 6 months of recruitment will have 6 months of follow-up). MPM biomarker mesothelin will be checked at baseline, 6\u2009month and 12\u2009month follow-up appointments where patients are able to attend these appointments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethical approval for this trial was granted by the South West\u2014Exeter research and ethics committee (reference number 15\/SW\/0156). Results of the trial will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at an international conference.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN14024829\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial pre-results\">ISRCTN14024829<\/jats:ext-link>; Pre-results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T23:17:47Z","timestamp":1588893467000},"page":"e000270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Randomised controlled trial to compare the diagnostic yield of positron emission tomography CT (PET-CT) TARGETed pleural biopsy versus CT-guided pleural biopsy in suspected pleural malignancy (TARGET trial)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn14024829","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn","type":"preResults"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0060-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duneesha","family":"de Fonseka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Stadon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Respiratory Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najib","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Edey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick A","family":"Maskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Germany 2009-2013","volume":"28","author":"Lehnert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.2","unstructured":"Royal College of Physician. National mesothelioma audit report. London, UK: Royal College of Physician, 2016."},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2015.05.021","article-title":"Research priorities in mesothelioma: a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership","volume":"89","author":"Stephens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13079-6"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.09.003","article-title":"Imaging in pleural mesothelioma: a review of the 13th International Conference of the International Mesothelioma Interest Group","volume":"101","author":"Armato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.604"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2013.09.015","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET and PET\/CT in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign pleural lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Treglia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1182","article-title":"Prognostic and predictive role of [18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) treated with up-front pemetrexed-based chemotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Zucali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0820"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/413946","article-title":"Pleural fluid mesothelin as an adjunct to the diagnosis of pleural malignant mesothelioma","volume":"2014","author":"Creaney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.11","first-page":"7425","article-title":"Mesothelin in serum and pleural effusion in the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma with non-positive cytology","volume":"34","author":"Franceschini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563217741145","article-title":"Biomarkers in mesothelioma","volume":"55","author":"Arnold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e318180477b"},{"key":"2025083111050737000_5.1.e000270.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.39.6671"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Respiratory Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T18:05:13Z","timestamp":1756663513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopenrespres.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000270","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-4439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-4439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}}}