{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:46:08Z","timestamp":1791179168228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will soon be the third leading global cause of death and is increasing rapidly in low\/middle-income countries. There is a need for local validation of the Saint George\u2019s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), which can be used to identify those experiencing lifestyle impairment due to their breathing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The SGRQ was professionally translated into Luganda and reviewed by our field staff and a local pulmonologist. Participants included a COPD-confirmed clinic sample and COPD-positive and negative members of the community who were enrolled in the Lung Function in Nakaseke and Kampala (LiNK) Study. SGRQs were assembled from all participants, while demographic and spirometry data were additionally collected from LiNK participants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 103 questionnaires were included in analysis: 49 with COPD from clinic, 34 community COPD-negative and 20 community COPD-positive. SGRQ score varied by group: 53.5 for clinic, 34.4 for community COPD-positive and 4.1 for community COPD-negative (p&lt;0.001). The cross-validated <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> statistic for SGRQ total score predicting COPD was 0.87 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.00). SGRQ total score was associated with COPD severity (forced expiratory volume in 1 s per cent of predicted), with an <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> coefficient of \u22120.60 (\u22120.75, \u22120.39). SGRQ score was associated with dyspnoea (OR 1.05\/point; 1.01, 1.09) and cough (1.07; 1.03, 1.11).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our Luganda language SGRQ accurately distinguishes between COPD-positive and negative community members in rural Uganda. Scores were correlated with COPD severity and were associated with odds of dyspnoea and cough. We find that it can be successfully used as a respiratory questionnaire for obstructed adults in Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2018-000276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T08:29:21Z","timestamp":1531297761000},"page":"e000276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Validation of the Saint George\u2019s Respiratory Questionnaire in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Brooks W","family":"Morgan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Grigsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trishul","family":"Siddharthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kalyesubula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Kirenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Checkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30293-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015","volume":"5","author":"Soriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.2","unstructured":"Global Health Data Exchange. The University of Washington: the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2018. 2 Jun 2018 http:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/gbd-results-tool."},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2014.908834","article-title":"An estimate of the prevalence of COPD in Africa: a systematic analysis","volume":"12","author":"Adeloye","year":"2015","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00012610"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000246"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70168-7","article-title":"Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries","volume":"2","author":"Gordon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adeloye D , Chua S , Lee C , et al . Global and regional estimates of COPD prevalence: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2015;5:.doi:10.7189\/jogh.05-020415","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.05.020415"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.6.1321"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.9","unstructured":"Siddharthan T , Grigsby M , Morgan B , et al . Chronic respiratory diseases and the urban divide: a population-based study examining prevalence and attributable risk factors for chronic respiratory disease in Uganda. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017."},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.10","unstructured":"The national population and housing census 2014\u2013main report. Kampala, Uganda: Uganda Bureau of Statistics, 2016."},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.11","unstructured":"Lewis PM , Simons GF , Fennig CD . Ethnologue: languages of the world. 18th edn. Dallas, Texas, 2015."},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.12","first-page":"281","article-title":"Validation of the St. George\u2019s respiratory questionnaire in Nepal","volume":"2","author":"Sherpa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.14","unstructured":"Jones P . Saint George\u2019s respiratory questionnaire manual. London, UK: University of London, Science DoCaV, 2009."},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9712108"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.16","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, Inc. Pocket guide to copd diagnosis, management, and prevention: a guide for health care professionals, 2017."},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70337-7"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00116808"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.19","first-page":"195","article-title":"[Application of St George\u2019s respiratory questionnaire in evaluating the life quality of Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.110.3.772-788","article-title":"Validity of St. George\u2019s respiratory questionnaire for Greek patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"110","author":"Katsoulas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.21","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Validation of the St. George\u2019s respiratory questionnaire in patients with COPD or asthma in Morocco","volume":"10","author":"El Rhazi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-0702"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.23","first-page":"181","article-title":"Validation and clinical interpretation of the St George\u2019s respiratory questionnaire among COPD patients, China","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09061160"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.25","first-page":"365","article-title":"[The evaluation of dyspnea and quality of life in COPD]","volume":"51","author":"Demir","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tuberk Toraks"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.2.9607083"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2008.01359.x","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal construct validity of the Saint George\u2019s respiratory questionnaire in patients with IPF","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.28","first-page":"480","article-title":"French-Canadian version of the chronic respiratory and St George\u2019s respiratory questionnaires: an assessment of their psychometric properties in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Bourbeau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"2025083110434339000_5.1.e000276.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(00)80089-2"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Respiratory Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2018-000276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T17:43:55Z","timestamp":1756662235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopenrespres.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2018-000276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjresp-2018-000276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2018-000276","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-4439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-4439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}}}