{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:50:28Z","timestamp":1778601028414,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Unrestricted grants from the Swedish Respiratory Society, the Swedish Heart\u2212Lung Foundation and the Swedish Society for Medical Research."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breathlessness is a cardinal symptom in cardiorespiratory disease. An instrument for measuring different aspects of breathlessness was recently developed, the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). This study aimed to validate the MDP in terms of the underlying factor structure, internal consistency, test\u2013retest reliability and concurrent validity in Swedish outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Outpatients with stable cardiorespiratory disease and breathlessness in daily life were recruited. Factor structure of MDP was analysed using confirmatory factor analysis; internal consistency was analysed using Cronbach\u2019s alpha; and test\u2013retest reliability was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for patients with unchanged breathlessness between assessments (baseline, after 30\u201390\u2009min and 2\u2009weeks). Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlations with validated scales of breathlessness, anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 182 outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease and breathlessness in daily life were included; 53.3% were women; main diagnoses were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24.7%), asthma (21.4%), heart failure (19.2%) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (18.7%). The MDP total, immediate perception and emotional response scores, and individual item scores showed expected factor structure and acceptable measurement properties: internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha, range 0.80\u20130.93); test\u2013retest reliability at 30\u201390\u2009min and 2\u2009weeks (ICC, range 0.67\u20130.91); and concurrent validity. There was no evidence of a learning effect. Findings were similar between diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MDP is a valid instrument for multidimensional measurement of breathlessness in Swedish outpatients across cardiorespiratory diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2018-000381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T07:25:19Z","timestamp":1568877919000},"page":"e000381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Validation of the Swedish Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) in outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7227-5113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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