{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:00:11Z","timestamp":1791349211044,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI150991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI150991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI163160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI163160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ATS ASPIRE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ATS ASPIRE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cellular circadian rhythms regulate immune pathways and inflammatory responses that mediate human disease such as asthma. Circadian rhythms in the lung may also contribute to exacerbations of chronic diseases such as asthma by regulating observed rhythms in mucus production, bronchial reactivity, airway inflammation and airway resistance. Primary human airway epithelial cells (AECs) are commonly used to model human lung diseases, such as asthma, with circadian symptoms, but a method for synchronising circadian rhythms in AECs has not been developed, and the presence of circadian rhythms in human AECs remains uninvestigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used temperature cycling to synchronise circadian rhythms in undifferentiated and differentiated primary human AECs. Reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR was used to measure expression of the core circadian clock genes <jats:italic>ARNTL, CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, NR1D1, NR1D2, PER1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PER2<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Following temperature synchronisation, the core circadian genes <jats:italic>ARNTL, CRY1, CRY2, NR1D1, NR1D2, PER1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PER2<\/jats:italic> maintained endogenous 24-hour rhythms under constant conditions. Following serum shock, the core circadian genes <jats:italic>ARNTL, NR1D1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NR1D2<\/jats:italic> demonstrated rhythmic expression. Following temperature synchronisation, <jats:italic>CXCL8<\/jats:italic> demonstrated rhythmic circadian expression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Temperature synchronised circadian rhythms in AECs differentiated at an air\u2013liquid interface can serve as a model to investigate circadian rhythms in pulmonary diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2022-001319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T11:57:41Z","timestamp":1664971061000},"page":"e001319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Temperature synchronisation of circadian rhythms in primary human airway epithelial cells from children"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1555-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weston T","family":"Powell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucille M","family":"Rich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R","family":"Vanderwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria P","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason S","family":"Debley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083111244117000_9.1.e001319.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021119-034602"},{"key":"2025083111244117000_9.1.e001319.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2018486118"},{"key":"2025083111244117000_9.1.e001319.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6226","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801682R","article-title":"Genome-wide effect of pulmonary airway epithelial cell-specific Bmal1 deletion","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"2025083111244117000_9.1.e001319.4","article-title":"Circadian asthma airway responses are gated by REV-ERB\u03b1","volume":"56","author":"Durrington","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir 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