{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:03:46Z","timestamp":1788401026521,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alberta Women\u2019s Health Foundation and Sollery Children's Hospital Fundation","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000221","name":"The Canadian Lung Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preventing poor childhood asthma control is crucial for short-term and long-term respiratory health. This study evaluated associations between perinatal and early-life factors and early childhood asthma control.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective study used administrative health data from mothers and children born 2010\u20132012 with a diagnosis of asthma before age 5 years, in Alberta, Canada. The outcome was asthma control within 2 years after diagnosis. Associations between perinatal and early-life factors and risk of partly and uncontrolled asthma were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 7206 preschoolers with asthma, 52% had controlled, 37% partly controlled and 12% uncontrolled asthma 2 years after diagnosis. Compared with controlled asthma, prenatal antibiotics (adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 1.19; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.33) and smoking (aRR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37), C-section delivery (aRR: 1.11; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.25), summer birth (aRR: 1.16; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34) and early-life hospitalisation for respiratory illness (aRR: 2.24; 95% CI 1.81 to 2.76) increased the risk of partly controlled asthma. Gestational diabetes (aRR: 1.41; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.87), C-section delivery (aRR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.39), antibiotics (aRR: 1.32; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61) and hospitalisation for early-life respiratory illness (aRR: 1.65; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.27) were associated with uncontrolled asthma.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal perinatal and early-life factors including antibiotics in pregnancy and childhood, gestational diabetes, prenatal smoking, C-section and summertime birth, and hospitalisations for respiratory illness are associated with partly or uncontrolled childhood asthma. These results underline the significance of perinatal health and the lasting effects of early-life experiences on lung development and disease programming.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-001928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T12:41:08Z","timestamp":1695645668000},"page":"e001928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Perinatal and early life factors and asthma control among preschoolers: a population-based retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0451-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linn E","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Serrano-Lomelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda J","family":"Rosychuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita L","family":"Kozyrskyj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radha","family":"Chari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery","family":"Bakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine M","family":"Ducharme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria B","family":"Ospina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110253005000_10.1.e001928.1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada GR , Kohen D . 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CIHI Ottawa, ON; Asthma Hospitalizations Among Children and Youth in Canada: Trends and Inequalities, . 2018 Available: from:https:\/\/www.cihi.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/document\/asthma-hospitalization-children-2018-chartbook-en-web.pdf [Accessed 7 Apr 2022]."},{"key":"2025083110253005000_10.1.e001928.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/20.7.353","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of asthma in Preschoolers: A Canadian Thoracic society and Canadian Paediatric society position paper","volume":"20","author":"Ducharme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025083110253005000_10.1.e001928.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301"},{"key":"2025083110253005000_10.1.e001928.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01897-2020","article-title":"Association between asthma control Trajectories in Preschoolers and disease remission","volume":"57","author":"Longo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025083110253005000_10.1.e001928.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.12.033","article-title":"Association between asthma control Trajectories in Preschoolers and long-term asthma control","volume":"10","author":"Longo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"2025083110253005000_10.1.e001928.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00179-2021","article-title":"Uncontrolled asthma from childhood to young adulthood Associates with airflow obstruction","volume":"7","author":"Mogensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"2025083110253005000_10.1.e001928.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022363"},{"key":"2025083110253005000_10.1.e001928.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080612"},{"key":"2025083110253005000_10.1.e001928.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad K , Kabir E , Ormsby GM , et al . 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