{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:47:49Z","timestamp":1787168869152,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["ZNSA-2020012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNSA-2020012"]}]},{"name":"Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["ZNSA-2020013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNSA-2020013"]}]},{"name":"Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of the Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program","award":["2017BT01S155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017BT01S155"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controversy exists regarding the association between non-obstructive dyspnoea and the future development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and mortality. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association of non-obstructive dyspnoea with mortality and incident COPD in adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies published from inception to 13 May 2023. Eligibility screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of the retrieved articles were conducted independently by two reviewers. Studies were included if they were original articles comparing incident COPD and all-cause mortality between individuals with normal lung function with and without dyspnoea. The primary outcomes were incident COPD and all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome was respiratory disease-related mortality. We used the random-effects model to calculate pooled estimates and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was determined using the I\u00b2 statistic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 6486 studies, 8 studies involving 100\u2009758 individuals fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the study. Compared with individuals without non-obstructive dyspnoea, individuals with non-obstructive dyspnoea had an increased risk of incident COPD (relative risk: 1.41, 95%\u2009CI: 1.08 to 1.83), and moderate heterogeneity was found (p=0.079, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =52.2%). Individuals with non-obstructive dyspnoea had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.21, 95%\u2009CI: 1.14 to 1.28, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.0%) and respiratory disease-related mortality (hazard ratio: 1.52, 95%\u2009CI: 1.14 to 2.02, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.0%) than those without.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with non-obstructive dyspnoea are at a higher risk of incident COPD and all-cause mortality than individuals without dyspnoea. Further research should investigate whether these high-risk adults may benefit from risk management and early therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42023395192.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-001933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T11:50:18Z","timestamp":1708689018000},"page":"e001933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of non-obstructive dyspnoea with all-cause mortality and incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3648-219X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyan","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0720-4674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical 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