{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:29:24Z","timestamp":1793996964250,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HI22C1124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C1124"]}]},{"name":"the fund of the Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal studies comprehensively evaluating the direction of the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether COPD influences the development of NTM-PD even after considering various confounders by using a nationwide longitudinal cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort between 2002 and 2019 were analysed. Participants\u226520 years of age with COPD and no previous NTM diagnosis were included in the study. The incidence of NTM-PD was compared between participants with COPD (n=8939) and 1:4 fully matched control participants (n=32\u2009355). Participants were followed until the date of NTM-PD incidence, death, or December 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During a median follow-up of 9.0 years (IQR, 5.0\u201312.9 years), participants with COPD (55.5 per 100\u2009000 person-years) had a higher incidence of NTM-PD than matched control cohorts (25.4 per 100\u2009000 person-years), with a HR of 2.16 (95% CI, 1.45 to 3.23). Age, sex, smoking history, asthma, bronchiectasis and corticosteroid use did not affect the association between COPD and the risk of incident NTM-PD (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for interaction &gt;0.05 for all). Among patients with COPD, being underweight and having bronchiectasis were significantly associated with NTM-PD development.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with COPD had approximately a twofold increased risk of developing NTM-PD compared with matched controls. Being underweight and having bronchiectasis were identified as risk factors for developing NTM-PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2024-002373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T07:00:33Z","timestamp":1750402833000},"page":"e002373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a population-based matched cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jong Geol","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University School of Medicine and College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (the Republic 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of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1051-0667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youlim","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Ha","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Hoon","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"June Hong","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University School of Medicine and College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Soo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University School of Medicine and College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1384-6799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Seung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonju, Korea (the Republic of)"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2459-3448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Yong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010701505379000_12.1.e002373.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14486","article-title":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive 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