{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:30:18Z","timestamp":1785331818079,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Birt\u2013Hogg\u2013Dub\u00e9 syndrome (BHD) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterised by the development of lung cysts, skin fibrofolliculomas and an increased risk for renal cancer. The progression of cystic lung disease with ageing in BHD has not been well characterised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the severity of lung involvement in patients with BHD aged 50 years or older.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective computer-assisted search was performed to identify patients with BHD seen at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota and the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from January 2000 to May 2023. Demographic, clinical, pulmonary function and radiological parameters were extracted and analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 82 patients with BHD aged 50 years or older, 49 (59%) were female and the median age was 57 years (range, 50\u201379) at baseline. Pneumothorax occurred in 46 patients (56%). Lung cysts were observed on CT in 77 patients (94%) and were bilateral in nearly all cases. The number of cysts was\u226510 for most patients (84%) and the median size of the largest cyst was 31\u2009mm (range, 4\u2013160\u2009mm). Median (range) % predicted values of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide were 98 (62\u2013147), 92 (56\u2013145) and 85 (61\u2013133), respectively, for those with data available. During follow-up (median, 41 months; range, 3\u2013259), 35% of patients manifested worsening in pulmonary function or cystic lung disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lung involvement in older patients with BHD manifests varying severity of cystic lung disease with relatively mild functional impairment, if any, and indolent progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2024-002629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T02:10:20Z","timestamp":1756174220000},"page":"e002629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evolution of cystic lung disease in Birt\u2013Hogg\u2013Dub\u00e9 syndrome: assessment of older patients"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7030-6166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilios","family":"Tzilas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Pulmonary Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9576-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay H","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 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