{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:08:15Z","timestamp":1790885295263,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10430022010026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10430022010026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Laurens","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"BOF Foundation","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Rijndam Revalidatie","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between COVID-19 disease severity during hospitalisation for COVID-19 and long-term multidimensional patient-centred outcomes up to 12 months post-hospitalisation. The secondary objective was to identify other risk factors for these long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multicentre prospective cohort study, we categorised COVID-19 disease severity using the maximal level of respiratory support as proxy into (1) conventional oxygen therapy (COT), (2) high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and (3) invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The primary outcome health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and the secondary outcomes self-reported symptoms and recovery were collected at 6 and 12 months post-hospitalisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 777 patients were analysed, with 226 (29%) receiving COT, 273 (35%) HFNO and 278 (36%) IMV. Patients reported impaired HRQoL, persistence of symptoms and poor recovery. Multivariable generalised estimating equations analysis showed that COVID-19 disease severity was not associated with HRQoL and inconsistently with symptoms; the HFNO group reported poorer recovery. Overall, female sex, younger age and pulmonary history were independent risk factors for outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 disease severity was associated with self-perceived recovery, but not with HRQoL and inconsistently with symptoms. Our findings suggest that age, sex and pulmonary history are more consistent risk factors for long-term multidimensional outcomes and offer better guidance for aftercare strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2024-002789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,8]],"date-time":"2025-06-08T16:20:20Z","timestamp":1749399620000},"page":"e002789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-term multidimensional patient-centred outcomes after hospitalisation for COVID-19: do not only focus on disease severity"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8257-7070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine","family":"Bek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"T\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs L","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Weijsters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia C","family":"Berentschot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita J G","family":"van den Berg-Emons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majanka H","family":"Heijenbrok-Kal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Rijndam Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard M","family":"Ribbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Rijndam Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Aerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wessel E J J","family":"Hanselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Endeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merel E","family":"Hellemons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2868-0920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evert-Jan","family":"Wils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"CO-FLOW collaboration 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