{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:45:29Z","timestamp":1791301529252,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Society of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114-2314-B-002 -270 -MY3 and NSTC 112-2314-B-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2314-B-002 -270 -MY3 and NSTC 112-2314-B-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park Branch","award":["113-HCH071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-HCH071"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Resp Res"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bronchiectasis exhibits substantial heterogeneity across geographic locations and includes a diverse range of aetiologies. Limited large-scale data are available for Southeast Asian countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort study. Between January 2017 and June 2020, comprehensive clinical data were collected on enrolment, and 1-year follow-ups were conducted using an electronic case report form.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 2753 patients were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 67 years. Forty-two per cent (1150\/2753) of patients were male. The mean modified Reiff score was 5.0\u00b13.3. The proportions of bacteria, tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria cultured from sputum within 1\u2009year of follow-up were 46% (381\/829), 1% (10\/829) and 24% (202\/829), respectively. The most prevalent bacterial isolate was\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (22%), followed by\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (11%). Airflow obstruction was observed in 32% of patients, and 39% used inhaled bronchodilators. A substantial proportion (57%) of the patients were prescribed mucolytics. Seventeen per cent of the patients experienced severe exacerbations within a year. One-year all-cause mortality rate was 2% (52 of 2563 patients). Female patients demonstrated more severe imaging findings than male patients (modified Reiff score, 5.2 vs 4.6, p&lt;0.001). However, they exhibited less obstructive lung function impairment (26% vs 40%, p&lt;0.001), experienced fewer severe exacerbations (15% vs 20%, p=0.002) and had lower mortality rates (2% vs 5%, p&lt;0.001). The risk of severe exacerbation and mortality increased significantly among patients older than 80 years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although female patients with bronchiectasis exhibited more severe imaging findings, their prognoses were better in Taiwan. Elderly patients older than 80 years had worse prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2024-003100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T07:05:15Z","timestamp":1759475115000},"page":"e003100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chia-Ling","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Hsinchu, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 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