{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:42:46Z","timestamp":1790692966829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low back pain is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions in the world. Many exercise treatment options exist but few interventions have utilised free-weight resistance training. To investigate the effects of a free-weight-based resistance training intervention on pain and lumbar fat infiltration in those with chronic low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty participants entered the study, 11 females (age=39.6\u00b112.4\u2005years, height=164\u2005cm\u00b15.3\u2005cm, body mass=70.9\u00b18.2\u2005kg,) and 19 males (age=39.7\u00b19.7\u2005years, height=179\u00b15.9\u2005cm, body mass=86.6\u00b115.9\u2005kg). A 16-week, progressive, free-weight-based resistance training intervention was used. Participants completed three training sessions per week. Participants completed a Visual Analogue Pain Scale, Oswestry Disability Index and Euro-Qol V2 quality of life measure at baseline and every 4\u2005weeks throughout the study. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic measures were used for biomechanical analysis of a bodyweight squat movement. Maximum strength was measured using an isometric mid-thigh pull, and lumbar paraspinal endurance was measured using a Biering-Sorensen test. Lumbar paraspinal fat infiltration was measured preintervention and postintervention using MRIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postintervention pain, disability and quality of life were all significantly improved. In addition, there was a significant reduction in fat infiltration at the L3L4 and L4L5 levels and increase in lumbar extension time to exhaustion of 18%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A free-weight-based resistance training intervention can be successfully utilised to improve pain, disability and quality of life in those with low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]],"date-time":"2015-11-09T21:58:47Z","timestamp":1447106327000},"page":"e000050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["The effects of a free-weight-based resistance training intervention on pain, squat biomechanics and MRI-defined lumbar fat infiltration and functional cross-sectional area in those with chronic low back"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6678-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Welch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"INSIGHT Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin 9, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSIGHT Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Antony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSIGHT Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSIGHT Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Coyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eanna","family":"Falvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Franklyn-Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110480198000_1.1.e000050.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.10.002"},{"key":"2025083110480198000_1.1.e000050.2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Scientific approach to the assessment and management of activity-related spinal disorders. 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