{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T08:41:31Z","timestamp":1761986491421,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common condition in endurance athletes. Exercise-induced vocal cord dysfunction (EIVCD) is a frequent confounder of EIB. The diagnosis of EIVCD may be challenging and can be missed as the problem is often intermittent and may only occur during intense exercise. Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) is the best test to detect EIB. This pilot study aimed to assess if EVH could be helpful in the diagnosis of EIVCD associated or not to EIB in athletes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A nasolaryngoscopy was performed during a 6\u2005min EVH test, in 13 female athletes suspected to have VCD, aged 21\u00b17\u2005years. Image analysis was conducted by two Ear Nose and Throat surgeons in random order.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the EVH, three athletes showed incomplete paradoxical vocal cords movement, without inspiratory stridor. However, 12 athletes showed marked supraglottic movement without inspiratory stridor. In two athletes, this supraglottic movement was severe, one showing a marked collapse of the epiglottis with an almost complete obstruction of the larynx by the arytenoid cartilage mucosa. In 3 of the 12 athletes with supraglottic movement, severe vibration of the mucosa covering the arytenoid cartilages was also observed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>EVH challenge in athletes can provide information on various types of glottic and supraglottic obstruction in reproducing laryngeal movements during hyperventilation. Our findings make us suggest that exercise induced upper airway obstructions should be named: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO). Then, EILO should be divided in three categories: supraglottic, glottic (EIVCD) and mixed (glottic and supraglottic) obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T23:15:42Z","timestamp":1450912542000},"page":"e000065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea and exercise-induced vocal cord dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Turmel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Bernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique d'orthophonie Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis-Philippe","family":"Boulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2012.09.1982","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory screening in elite endurance sports athletes: the Quebec study","volume":"40","author":"Turmel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200004000-00003"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1994.tb00415.x","article-title":"Self-reported asthma and exercise-induced asthma symptoms in high-level competitive cross-country skiers","volume":"4","author":"Heir","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00117708"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.27.6.718"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1972.106.1.30","article-title":"Changes in lung volumes and airway resistance after exercise in asthmatic subjects","volume":"106","author":"Anderson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9810055","article-title":"Thermally induced asthma and airway drying","volume":"160","author":"McFadden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-5-7"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.093971"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.3.8630577","article-title":"Vocal cord dysfunction masquerading as exercise-induced asthma\u2014a physiologic cause for \u201cchoking\u201d during athletic activities","volume":"153","author":"McFadden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61341-5"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.12","first-page":"325","article-title":"Paradoxical vocal-cord dysfunction: management in athletes","volume":"37","author":"Newsham","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.1998.05.1013","article-title":"Vocal cord dysfunction: don't mistake it for asthma","volume":"26","author":"Brugman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.063974"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60989-1"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.6.1676"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cpm.0000203745.50250.3b"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.72.2.247","article-title":"Acute psychogenic stridor in an adolescent athlete treated with hypnosis","volume":"72","author":"Smith","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02770908609073167"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950080113"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.21","first-page":"243","article-title":"Recurrent exercise-induced stridor in an adolescent","volume":"57","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609400322"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(96)80022-1"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.86.3.499"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.4.7551399"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.468"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31815988b0"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199802000-00009"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.29","first-page":"411","article-title":"Vocal cord dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and nonallergic rhinitis","volume":"19","author":"Balkissoon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70152-4"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.02.041"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2005.08.001"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2006.052522"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.6.1988"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900600566892"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1183\/18106838.0701.016","article-title":"Not all who wheeze have asthma","volume":"7","author":"Backer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.4.842"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.01.003"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000184528.16229.ba"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e31819def3d","article-title":"Evaluation and management of vocal cord dysfunction in the athlete","volume":"8","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200607000-00014"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.006486"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:24:1:27"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(02)00097-8"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-004-0504-7"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-012-0812-2","article-title":"Normative data for the chemical sensitivity scale for sensory hyperreactivity: the V\u00e4sterbotten environmental health study","volume":"86","author":"Nordin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(03)00002-1"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-2-217"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.49","first-page":"725","article-title":"Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging","volume":"127","author":"Knudson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.50","unstructured":"Juniper EF , Cockcroft DW , Kolendowicz R . Histamine and methacholine inhalation tests: tidal breathing method; laboratory procedure and standardization. AB Draco, 1994."},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200110000-00016"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0216-6"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1113-6","article-title":"Exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions objectively assessed using EILOMEA","volume":"267","author":"Christensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1006358","article-title":"Vocal cord dysfunction: masquerader of asthma","volume":"15","author":"Newman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.127589"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pulp.1996.0040"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2005.04.003"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20541"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.1.29","article-title":"Paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction in juveniles","volume":"126","author":"Powell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1455","article-title":"An index to objectively score supraglottic abnormalities in refractory asthma: learning, validation, and significance","volume":"145","author":"Good","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62963-8","article-title":"Exercise-induced asthma in children: a comparative study of free and treadmill running","volume":"80","author":"Garcia de la Rubia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)82752-0","article-title":"Injuries resulting from bungee-cord jumping","volume":"22","author":"Hite","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.63","first-page":"14","article-title":"Vocal cord dysfunction, an important differential diagnosis of severe and implausible bronchial asthma","volume":"51","author":"Kenn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.64","first-page":"467","article-title":"Clinical and lung-function variables associated with vocal cord dysfunction","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199711000-00002"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198306303082605"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90156-8"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.4.905"},{"key":"2025083112584707000_1.1.e000065.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1030-8"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T19:58:57Z","timestamp":1756670337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopensem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7647"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2055-7647"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}