{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T22:21:45Z","timestamp":1770416505743,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To use a musculoskeletal model of the lower limb to evaluate the effect of a strength training intervention on the muscle and joint contact forces experienced by untrained women during landing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sixteen untrained women between 18 and 28 years participated in this cohort study, split equally between intervention and control groups. The intervention group trained for 8\u2009weeks targeting improvements in posterior leg strength. The mechanics of bilateral and unilateral drop landings from a 30\u2009cm platform were recorded preintervention and postintervention, as was the isometric strength of the lower limb during a hip extension test. The internal muscle and joint contact forces were calculated using FreeBody, a musculoskeletal model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The strength of the intervention group increased by an average of 35% (P&lt;0.05; pre: 133\u00b136\u2009n, post: 180\u00b139\u2009n), whereas the control group showed no change (pre: 152\u00b136\u2009n, post: 157\u00b146\u2009n). There were only small changes from pre-test to post-test in the kinematics and ground reaction forces during landing that were not statistically significant. Both groups exhibited a post-test increase in gluteal muscle force during landing and a lateral to medial shift in tibiofemoral joint loading in both landings. However, the magnitude of the increase in gluteal force and lateral to medial shift was significantly greater in the intervention group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Strength training can promote a lateral to medial shift in tibiofemoral force (mediated by an increase in gluteal force) that is consistent with a reduction in valgus loading. This in turn could help prevent injuries that are due to abnormal knee loading such as anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, patellar dislocation and patellofemoral pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,13]],"date-time":"2018-01-13T20:10:19Z","timestamp":1515874219000},"page":"e000273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effects of an 8-week strength training intervention on tibiofemoral joint loading during landing: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Maike B","family":"Czasche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary\u2019s University, Twickenham, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon E","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary\u2019s University, Twickenham, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony M J","family":"Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7852-3440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J","family":"Cleather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary\u2019s University, Twickenham, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092536"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.2","first-page":"352","article-title":"Rationale and clinical techniques for anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention among female athletes","volume":"39","author":"Myer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503260788"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198310000-00018","article-title":"The etiology of patellofemoral pain in young, active patients: a prospective study","volume":"179","author":"Fulkerson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.5","first-page":"649.1","article-title":"Effect of injury prevention training on knee mechanics in female adolescents during puberty","volume":"9","author":"Otsuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200605000-00006"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508314425"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2013.12.002"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00467"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200303000-00002"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512458227"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00717946"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2013.08.001"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318190bddb"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738110385998"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.18.1.104","article-title":"Relationships between knee valgus, hip-muscle strength, and hip-muscle recruitment during a single-limb step-down","volume":"18","author":"Hollman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.3704"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.02.012","article-title":"Gluteal muscle activation during running in females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Willson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00211"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507311602"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.019083"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411911432104"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411911432105"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.10.006"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.08.001"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.04.010"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000145467.79916.46"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199707000-00011","article-title":"Jump distance of dance landings influencing internal joint forces: I. Axial forces","volume":"29","author":"Simpson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411911399975"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.140449"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2015.04.009","article-title":"A preliminary study into the effect of jumping-landing training and strength training on frontal plane projection angle","volume":"20","author":"Herrington","year":"2015","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.32","unstructured":"Van Sint Jan S . Skeletal landmark definitions: guidelines for accurate and reproducible palpation. Belgium: University of Brussels, Department of Anatomy, 2005."},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.02.002","article-title":"Identifying the location of human skeletal landmarks: why standardized definitions are necessary\u2014a proposal","volume":"20","author":"Van Sint Jan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.34","first-page":"s23","article-title":"Reliability of isometric hip extensor torque assessment","volume":"32","author":"Goodwin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00090-1"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181e3b3f"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0303-8"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM731","article-title":"Lower-extremity musculoskeletal geometry affects the calculation of patellofemoral forces in vertical jumping and weightlifting","volume":"224","author":"Cleather","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng H"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0161-9"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0340-3"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021018","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4032412","article-title":"In Vivo knee contact force prediction using patient-specific musculoskeletal geometry in a segment-based computational model","volume":"138","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.42","unstructured":"Price PDB , Gissane C , Cleather DJ . The evaluation of the FreeBody lower limb model during activities of daily living (Bioengineering16, Oxford, UK). 2016."},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411912439284"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price PDB , Gissane C , Cleather DJ . Reliability and minimal detectable change values for predictions of knee forces during gait and stair ascent derived from the freebody musculoskeletal model of the lower limb. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017;5:74.doi:10.3389\/fbioe.2017.00074","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2017.00074"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20554"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22126"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00178-6"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840410001727805"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.10.003"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(81)90035-X"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S021895770900216X"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22601"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509332253"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504271499"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.05.002"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.56","unstructured":"Salci Y . Effects of eccentric hamstring training on lower extremity strength and landing kinetics in female recreational athletes. 2008 http:\/\/etd.lib.metu.edu.tr\/upload\/12609693\/index.pdf (accessed 19 Sep 2014)."},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/R-13473.1"},{"key":"2025083110531284000_4.1.e000273.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000245","article-title":"Effect of a gluteal activation warm-up on explosive exercise performance","volume":"3","author":"Parr","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T17:53:17Z","timestamp":1756662797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopensem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000273","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7647"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7647","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}