{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:41:00Z","timestamp":1770745260412,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background\/aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In high-level Olympic athletes, many spinal pathologies arise from overuse, while others are the result of acute injury. Our aim is to analyse the epidemiology of spinal pathologies detected on MRI in athletes participating in the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Olympics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this retrospective study, all spine MRIs performed during the 2016 Rio Games were analysed. Descriptive data from the MRIs were tabulated and analysed for disc degeneration, spinal canal and\/or neural foraminal narrowing, and acute\/chronic fractures. Data were analysed by sport, continent of origin, age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 11\u2009274 athletes participating in the Olympic games, 100 received spine MRI. Fifty-two of the 100 (52%) athletes who received cervical, thoracic and\/or lumbar spine MRI showed moderate to severe spinal disease. The highest sport-specific incidence of moderate to severe spine disease was seen in aquatic diving athletes (67%, 3 per 100 divers). Weightlifting had the second highest sport-specific incidence of spine disease (67%, 1.5 per 100 weightlifters). Athletics used the most spine MRIs (31 of 107 MRIs, 29%). European athletes had more spine MRIs than all other continents combined (55 of 107 MRIs, 51%). Athletes over 30 years old had the highest rate of moderate to severe spine disease on MRI (24 of 37 athletes &gt;30 years old, 65%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A high number of the world\u2019s premier athletes demonstrated moderate to severe spine disease on MRI during the 2016 Summer Olympics, including moderate\/severe degenerative disc changes with varying degrees of disc bulges and herniations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T20:10:33Z","timestamp":1520539833000},"page":"e000335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluation of spine MRIs in athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Michael S","family":"Wasserman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Guermazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8095-0174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Jarraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Darby, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Engbretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"AbdelKader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank W","family":"Roemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daichi","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8582-0793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel D","family":"Crema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asim Z","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.1","unstructured":"Guermazi A , Hayashi D , Jarraya M , et al . Imaging depicted sports injuries at Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games: Retrospective analysis of utilization of diagnostic imaging services. Radiology; 2017(Accepted)."},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097956"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509339357"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.076992"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092380"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094538"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.3.263"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002010-00022"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017160267","article-title":"Imaging of Muscle injuries in sports medicine: sports imaging series","volume":"282","author":"Guermazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00011"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092345"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199104000-00009"},{"key":"2025083110415153000_4.1.e000335.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-016-0288-7","article-title":"Low back pain in athletes and non-athletes: a group comparison of basic pain parameters and impact on sports activity","volume":"12","author":"Heidari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sport Sci Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000335corr1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522108800000}}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T17:41:57Z","timestamp":1756662117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopensem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000335","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7647"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7647","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}}}