{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T20:21:45Z","timestamp":1775247705644,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Head injuries are the leading cause of death in horse-related injury events and, even since the introduction of helmets, represent a sizeable proportion of all horse-related injuries. Falls from horseback and kicks to the head are the most frequent type of incident causing head injuries, but it is unknown whether these incidents are predictors of head injury. This study aimed to investigate head injuries and the association between incident type and head injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective review of 7815 horse-related injury events was conducted. Data were gathered from hospitals, local healthcare centres and public dental services in Skaraborg, Sweden. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association between the incident type and occurrence of head injury while controlling for risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Approximately 20% of riders sustained a head injury, mostly soft tissue injuries (56.3%) and concussions (33.4%). A fall from or with the horse was the primary cause of head injury (63.9%). Those who fell from a carriage or other height or who were injured through contact with the horse had no difference in the likelihood of head injury when compared with those that fell from or with the horse. However, those who sustained an injury without any horse contact had lower odd of head injury (OR: 0.640, p&lt;0.00005, 95% CI 0.497 to 0.734). Additionally, the older the rider, the lower the odds of head injury (OR=0.989, p&lt;0.00005, 95%\u2009CI 0.985 to 0.993).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Improved protection for those suffering falls from horseback as well as those who are kicked in the head should be investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T07:25:13Z","timestamp":1534145113000},"page":"e000398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Horse-related incidents and factors for predicting injuries to the head"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Meredith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ekman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.025858"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.03.025","article-title":"Ten Years of Equine-related Injuries: Severity and Implications for Emergency Physicians","volume":"49","author":"Davidson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18043\/ncm.67.2.161"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00148.x","article-title":"Injuries due to falls from horses","volume":"17","author":"Buckley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aust J Public Health"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(95)00176-X"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-2897-5-4","article-title":"Protective and risk factors in amateur equestrians and description of injury patterns: A retrospective data analysis and a case - control survey","volume":"5","author":"Hasler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma Manag Outcomes"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13471","article-title":"Paediatric horse-related trauma","volume":"53","author":"Theodore","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8229.197177","article-title":"Prevalence, patterns, and correlates of equestrian injuries in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Majeedkutty","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Family Community Med"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.10.025"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2003.12.010"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3592-1","article-title":"Blunt injuries related to equestrian sports: results from an international prospective trauma database analysis","volume":"41","author":"Weber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.03.016"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-014-0040-8","article-title":"Horse-related trauma in children and adults during a two year period","volume":"22","author":"Altg\u00e4rde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.14","first-page":"169","article-title":"Hospitalization due to horse-related injuries: has anything changed? A 25 year survey","volume":"15","author":"Abu-Kishk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677308989097","article-title":"Riding accidents","volume":"44","author":"Danielsson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.19.6.573"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318221840f"},{"key":"2025083110020162000_4.1.e000398.18","unstructured":"The National Board of Health and Welfare. 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