{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T20:06:35Z","timestamp":1791144395094,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of long-standing groin pain and related MRI findings in contact sports.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This case\u2013control study followed three male elite-level soccer, ice-hockey and bandy teams (102 players) for 2\u2009years. All athletes with long-standing groin pain lasting &gt;30 days and age-matched controls (1:3) from the same teams were examined clinically, using pelvic MRI and Hip and Groin Outcome Scores (HAGOS). Primary outcome measures were annual prevalence of groin pain and underlying MRI findings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The annual prevalence of chronic groin pain was 7.5%. Training characteristics and pain scores of athletes were similar in all teams. On MRI, there was no significant difference in the percentage of pubic bone marrow oedema (p = 0.80) between symptomatic players (8\/15; 53%) versus controls (20\/43; 47%), but adductor tendinopathy and degenerative changes at the pubic symphysis were twice more common among players with pain. Rectus muscle or iliopsoas pathology were seldom observed. Lower HAGOS subscales (p &lt; 0.01) were recorded in players who experienced groin pain compared with the controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Long-standing groin pain was observed annually in 1 of 14 athletes in contact sports. Abnormalities in the pubic symphysis were common MRI findings in both symptomatic and asymptomatic players.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT02560480\">NCT02560480<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T05:45:12Z","timestamp":1553060712000},"page":"e000507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Long-standing groin pain in contact sports: a prospective case\u2013control and MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02560480","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02560480","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4370-2590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannu","family":"Paajanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Hermunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mikkeli Central Hospital, Mikkeli, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Ristolainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Orton Orthopaedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Branci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Arthroscopic Center Amager, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110115163000_5.1.e000507.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.12.010"},{"key":"2025083110115163000_5.1.e000507.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.07.037"},{"key":"2025083110115163000_5.1.e000507.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-150427","article-title":"Professional football players at risk for non-acute groin injuries during the first half of the season: a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands","volume":"31","author":"Gouttebarge","year":"2018","journal-title":"J 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