{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:22:54Z","timestamp":1784697774559,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580774400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to determine whether looped resistance bands affect knee kinematics and lower body muscle activation during the barbell back squat.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-six healthy participants (13 female, 13 male) calculated their one repetition maximum (RM) prior to data collection. Each participant performed three squats at both 80% and 40% 1RM wearing a light resistance band, an extra-heavy resistance band and no resistance band.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Vicon 3D motion analysis cameras were used to collect the kinematic data, and Delsys Trigno Lab wireless electromyography (EMG) system was used to measure vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and biceps femoris muscle activity. Peak knee flexion angle, peak knee valgus angle and maximum tibial rotation values were examined. Peak EMG values were also analysed after being normalised and expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gluteus maximus (GM) activity is significantly increased when a resistance band is used during squatting. However, squatting with a resistance band is detrimental to knee kinematics as it leads to an increase in knee valgus angle and maximum tibial rotation angle. A direct correlation is recorded between an increase in resistance and an increase in these two angles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Squatting with resistance bands is likely to increase the risk of knee injury. Coaches and clinicians who already implement this technique are advised to remove resistance band squats from training and rehabilitation programmes. Further research evaluating the long-term effects of using resistance bands during the barbell back squat should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T04:35:28Z","timestamp":1580877328000},"page":"e000610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Barbell back squat: how do resistance bands affect muscle activation and knee kinematics?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Madeleine B","family":"Reece","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"nstitute of Motion Analysis & Research (IMAR), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham P","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"nstitute of Motion Analysis & Research (IMAR), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadiq","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"nstitute of Motion Analysis & Research (IMAR), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie W","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"nstitute of Motion Analysis & Research (IMAR), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1753-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rami","family":"Abboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dean\u2019s Office, University of Balamand Faculty of Engineering, El-Koura, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200109000-00020","article-title":"Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press","volume":"33","author":"Escamilla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181bac2d7","article-title":"Squatting kinematics and kinetics and their application to exercise performance","volume":"24","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2012.654503","article-title":"The influence of resistance bands on frontal plane knee mechanics during body-weight squat and vertical jump movements","volume":"11","author":"Gooyers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Biomech"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.048","article-title":"Muscle strength and flexibility characteristics of people displaying excessive medial knee displacement","volume":"89","author":"Bell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2014-0003","article-title":"Kinematic differences between those with and without medial knee displacement during a single-leg squat","volume":"30","author":"Mauntel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.3.16","article-title":"Two- and 3-dimensional knee valgus are reduced after an exercise intervention in young adults with demonstrable valgus during squatting","volume":"48","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.5.10","article-title":"Neuromuscular characteristics of individuals displaying excessive medial knee displacement","volume":"47","author":"Padua","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.8","first-page":"550","article-title":"Effects of a band loop on lower extremity muscle activity and kinematics during the BARBELL squat","volume":"12","author":"Foley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spracklin KF , Button D , Halperin I . Looped band placed around Thighs increases EMG of gluteal muscles without hindering performance during squatting. J Perform Heal Res 2017;1.doi:10.25036\/jphr.2017.1.1.spraklin","DOI":"10.25036\/jphr.2017.1.1.spraklin"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.11","unstructured":"COREZONE Sports . Resistance Loop Bands (6 Pack)-\"Best resistance bands 2018\" expertreviews [Internet], 2019. Available: https:\/\/www.corezonesports.co.uk\/collections\/resistance-bands\/products\/resistance-loop-bands-6-pack [Accessed 11 Apr 2019]."},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2011.11.009","article-title":"Evaluation of electromyography normalisation methods for the back squat","volume":"22","author":"Balshaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.13","first-page":"17","article-title":"The use of submaximal repetitions to predict maximal squat and bench press strength in trained athletes","volume":"3","author":"Baker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust Strength Cond Assoc Mag"},{"key":"2025083110064577000_6.1.e000610.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/1533-4287(2002)016<0428:TEOBSD>2.0.CO;2"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T17:06:57Z","timestamp":1756660017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopensem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000610","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7647"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7647","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}}}