{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:41:21Z","timestamp":1791952881284,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To enhance knowledge on pregnancy and return to sport in the postpartum period in elite female athletes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>34 Norwegian elite athletes (33.1\u2009years) and 34 active controls (31.5\u2009years) were asked about training and competitive history, pregnancy-related issues, injuries, body dissatisfaction (BD), drive for thinness (DT), eating disorders (ED) and practical experiences, through a questionnaire and interview. Independent samples T-tests or \u03c7\u00b2 tests for between-group differences and paired-samples T-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance for within group differences were used.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No group differences in fertility problems, miscarriage, preterm birth or low birth weight were found. Both groups decreased training volume all trimesters and the first two postpartum periods compared with prepregnancy, and more athletes returned to sport\/exercise at week 0\u20136 postpartum. We found no group differences in complications during pregnancy and delivery, but athletes reported fewer common complaints. Four athletes experienced stress fracture postpartum. Athletes had higher BD and DT postpartum, while controls reduced DT score. Number of athletes with clinical ED was reduced postpartum, while constant in controls. Athletes were not satisfied with advice related to strength training and nutrition during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Elite athletes and active controls get pregnant easily, deliver healthy babies and decrease training during pregnancy and the first postpartum periods compared with prepregnancy. Most athletes and every third control returned to sport or exercise at week 0\u20136 postpartum. Athletes report stress fractures and increased BD and DT, but decreased ED postpartum. However, since relatively few athletes were included these findings need further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T21:39:17Z","timestamp":1574372357000},"page":"e000652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Elite athletes get pregnant, have healthy babies and return to sport early postpartum"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5291-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorunn","family":"Sundgot-Borgen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1149-0442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Sundgot-Borgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0692-7494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grethe","family":"Myklebust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6334-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"S\u00f8lvberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2798-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica Klungland","family":"Torstveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty for Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110230723000_5.1.e000652.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9795-8","article-title":"A rise in peak performance age in female athletes","volume":"37","author":"Elmenshawy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"2025083110230723000_5.1.e000652.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095680","article-title":"Exercise and pregnancy: focus on advice for the competitive and elite athlete","volume":"50","author":"Erdener","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025083110230723000_5.1.e000652.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096218"},{"key":"2025083110230723000_5.1.e000652.4","unstructured":"The Guardian International web page . 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