{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T21:48:11Z","timestamp":1794606491691,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001262","name":"Baily Thomas Charitable Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRUST\/VC\/AC\/SG\/4771-7962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRUST\/VC\/AC\/SG\/4771-7962"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001262","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"s1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gross motor competence is essential for daily life functioning and participation in physical activities. Prevalence of gross motor competence in children with intellectual disabilities (ID) and\/or autism is unclear. This systematic review aimed to identify appropriate assessments for children with ID and\/or autism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"s2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design &amp; data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An electronic literature search was conducted using the EBSCOhost platform searching MEDLINE, Education Research Complete, ERIC, CINAHL Plus and SPORTDiscus databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"s3\">\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Included studies sampled children with ID and\/or autism aged between 1 and 18\u00a0yrs, used field-based gross motor competence assessments, reported measurement properties, and were published in English. The utility of assessments were appraised for validity, reliability, responsiveness and feasibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"s4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial search produced 3182 results, with 291 full text articles screened. 13 articles including 10 assessments of motor competence were included in this systematic review. There was limited reporting across measurement properties, mostly for responsiveness and some aspects of validity. The Bruininks\u2013Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 followed by The Test of Gross Motor Development-2 demonstrated the greatest levels of evidence for validity and reliability. Feasibility results were varied, most instruments required little additional equipment (n=8) and were suitable for a school setting, but, additional training (n=7) was needed to score and interpret the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"s5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review found the BOT-2 followed by the TGMD-2 to be the most psychometrically appropriate motor competency assessments for children with ID and\/or autism in field-based settings. Motor competence assessment research is limited for these cohorts and more research is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"s6\">\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42019129464.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T17:22:09Z","timestamp":1605806529000},"page":"e000902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Motor competence assessments for children with intellectual disabilities and\/or autism: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Samantha J","family":"Downs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-4389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne M","family":"Boddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6891-7729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bronagh","family":"McGrane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts Education and Movement, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1546-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R","family":"Rudd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7234-2382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig A","family":"Melville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Well-being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9851-5421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence","family":"Foweather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083110261902000_6.1.e000902.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1123\/mcj.9.3.217","article-title":"Information processing and constraints-based views of skill acquisition: divergent or complementary?","volume":"9","author":"Anson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Motor Control"},{"key":"2025083110261902000_6.1.e000902.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0351-6"},{"key":"2025083110261902000_6.1.e000902.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140224","article-title":"Fundamental movement skills are more than run, throw and catch: the role of stability skills","volume":"10","author":"Rudd","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025083110261902000_6.1.e000902.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2017.1340660","article-title":"Fundamental motor skills: a systematic review of terminology","volume":"36","author":"Logan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2025083110261902000_6.1.e000902.5","unstructured":"Gallahue DL , Ozmun JC , Goodway J . 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