{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:39:52Z","timestamp":1794004792112,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The primary aim was to describe the characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints of a large group of non-professional golfers. Secondary aims were to compare golfers different in (A) skill-level, (B) presence of low back pain (LBP) and (C) performance of prevention exercises.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A sample of 1170 male golfers (mean age 54.98, SD=13.3) were surveyed online on personal and golf-specific characteristics, medical history and complaints in the preceding 7\u2009days. Subgroups (A) with different golfing handicap (0 to 5, &gt;5\u2009to 10, &gt;10), (B) with and without LBP and (C) who performed versus did not perform injury prevention exercises were compared using analysis of variance and \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal complaints was similar in everyday life and when playing golf. More than one-third of the golfers (n=436; 37.3%) reported LBP in the preceding 7\u2009days, while other frequently affected body parts were the shoulder and knee. Golfers with different skill level differed in age and most golf-related characteristics but not in prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal complaints. Golfers with and without LBP were similar in almost all variables. Golfers who performed prevention exercises (n=371; 27.1%) were older and had a higher prevalence of complaints.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal complaints in golfers were similar to the wider population. It seems that injury prevention exercises were implemented after injury, rather than as primary prevention. Prospective studies looking at the epidemiology of injury, risk factors and interventions are required.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2022-001504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T11:26:07Z","timestamp":1679916367000},"page":"e001504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cross-sectional study of characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in 1170 male golfers"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh Institute for Sport Physical Education and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6815-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid","family":"Junge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8117-2968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick Gordon","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK"},{"name":"Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Clarsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8604-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margo Lynn","family":"Mountjoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"International Golf Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Drobny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LG Performance, Oceanside, California, USA"},{"name":"Titleist Performance Institute, Oceanside, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Gazzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FITSTATS Technologies, Inc, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Voight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belmont University\u2019s School of Physical Therapy, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2178-2326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiri","family":"Dvorak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083112473615000_9.1.e001504.1","unstructured":"The R&A . 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