{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T10:57:53Z","timestamp":1793271473324,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To, based on diagnostic interviews, investigate the distribution of mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes with \u2018at-risk scores\u2019 on a self-report questionnaire measuring symptoms of mental health problems. Then, to investigate the relationship between \u2018at-risk scores\u2019 and diagnosed mental disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A two-phase, cross-sectional design was used. In phase 1, 378 elite athletes completed a questionnaire, including validated self-report psychiatric instruments assessing symptoms of mental disorders. In phase 2, we assessed the 30-day presence of the same disorders through diagnostic interviews with the athletes with \u2018at-risk scores\u2019 using the fifth version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred and eighty athletes (74.1%) had an \u2018at-risk score,\u2019 and 106 of these athletes (37.9%) completed diagnostic interviews. Forty-seven athletes (44.3%) were diagnosed with a mental disorder. Sleep problems (24.5%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and OCD-related disorders (18.9%), mainly represented by body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), were most common. Anxiety disorders (6.6%), eating disorders (5.7%) and alcohol use disorder (\u22644.7%) were less frequent. Affective disorders, gambling and drug use disorder were not present. Results from self-report questionnaires did not, in most cases, adequately mirror the number of mental disorders identified using diagnostic interviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using self-report questionnaires to map mental distress among elite athletes can be beneficial. If the aim, however, is to investigate mental disorders, one should move beyond self-report questionnaires and use diagnostic interviews and diagnostic instruments. In our study, sleep problems and BDD were the most prevalent. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate these findings further.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2023-001538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T22:00:43Z","timestamp":1689717643000},"page":"e001538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Mental health problems in elite sport: the difference in the distribution of mental distress and mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4965-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom Henning","family":"Oevreboe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8987-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Ivarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5291-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorunn","family":"Sundgot-Borgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1218-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann Kristin Skrindo","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0536-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Reneflot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4690-9888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Marte","family":"Pensgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083111192769000_9.3.e001538.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100715"},{"key":"2025083111192769000_9.3.e001538.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104443"},{"key":"2025083111192769000_9.3.e001538.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700829","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.700829","article-title":"Let's talk about mental health and mental disorders in elite sports: a narrative review of theoretical perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Lundqvist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2025083111192769000_9.3.e001538.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459307077541"},{"key":"2025083111192769000_9.3.e001538.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721001185","article-title":"What is a mental disorder? 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