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The training intervention will involve participation in an OFE programme implemented over 8 weeks, two sessions\/week. Rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, training volume and adherence to the exercise programme will be registered each session. The control group will not receive any structured exercise programme. Blinded examiners will evaluate before and after the training programme muscle strength with both maximum knee extension and elbow flexion isometric tests, handgrip strength test and five time sit-to-stand test; cardiovascular fitness with 400-metre walking test; postural stability with the balance tests of the short physical performance battery (SPPB) battery; dynamic balance with Timed Up and Go (TUG) test; body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; functional performance by gait speed, TUG and SPPB battery; blood pressure; and sagittal spine disposition and pelvic tilt. Information will also be collected about demographic characteristics, health-related quality of life, satisfaction with life and adherence to the Mediterranean diet questionnaires. After that, sarcopenia, osteoporosis and fracture risk will be calculated. The results derived from this research will increase the knowledge of the effectiveness of OFE training for improving the health of healthy community-dwelling middle and older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2023-001829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T08:55:18Z","timestamp":1703926518000},"page":"e001829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Physical and psychological effects of outdoor fitness equipment training on middle-aged and older adults: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04958499","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04958499","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Pablo Jorge","family":"Marcos-Pardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIS Research Center, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), University of Almeria, Almeria, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"Active Aging, Exercise and Health\/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Espeso-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2708-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Vaquero-Crist\u00f3bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Active Aging, Exercise and Health\/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Abelleira-Lamela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Esparza-Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Active Aging, Exercise and Health\/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"International Chair of Kineanthropometry, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00e1lvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Active Aging, Exercise and Health\/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083112414164000_9.4.e001829.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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